易簡分解動作的真諦

 

 國際太極拳聯盟總會 秘書長蔡孟宏

     

分解動作是訓練腿力、腰力、內勁、關節鬆定、及身手輕靈敏銳的訓練法，是通往鬆柔太極拳的密碼。

 

易簡分解動作是將拳架的每一個招勢，切割成數個動作，在輕靈貫串，用意不用力的原則下，利用太極八法中的原空位，原體位及沉浮等原理，以及地心引力，旋轉力，反作用力及慣性力四種自然力來完成招勢的動作。如接「白鶴亮翅」的「摟膝拗步」前2動，首先要做到的是右手食指的原空位，利用地心引力讓肘鬆降，達到垂肘的目的，再鬆肩讓整隻手臂垂降，等到地心引力即將用盡之時，腰右轉60度，隨著腰的轉動，帶動右手向後蕩起平腰，左手亦因腰轉被盪向前方平胸，這是利用到腰的旋轉之力，在完全沒有動到手的情況下做成的，此為第一動。再來肩身迴轉45度，帶動右手臂左轉30度後，鬆肘留原空位為支點，右掌繼續隨身盪到右耳外側，左掌利用地心引力下沉至右大腿上，達下腹前約20公分處，在向左迴轉的過程中恪遵太極不動手的原則，而達成按掌前的準備動作。式式分解，但在連續動作中，卻又綿綿不斷

 

              又如「海底針」分解成5動，5動蘊含鬆肩、肘、轉腰、落胯、原空位、原體位、虛實分清、反動後的借力與借勢、及單腿支撐身體後，轉腰角度的大小等等細節，這些細節才是太極拳的精髓，是訓練身手輕靈敏銳的要訣，也是邁向聽勁、懂勁、階級神明的途徑之一，若能以輕、慢、勻、正四字要訣，反覆練習單一招勢的分解動作，可以在緩慢的訓練過程中，培養兩手臂的內勁及腰腿之力，同時揣摩各關節與肌肉放鬆後的內在反應，在不知不覺中，進入「靜、靈、斂、整、聚」的領域中。

The breakdown of movements is a training method for developing leg strength, waist strength, internal energy, joint relaxation and stability, as well as lightness, agility, and sharpness in movements. It is the key to mastering the soft and relaxed Tai Chi Chuan.

The simplified breakdown method involves dividing each posture of the Tai Chi form into several smaller movements. This is done under the principles of lightness, continuity, and using intention instead of force. It utilizes the original empty space, body position, and principles such as rising and sinking from the eight Tai Chi methods, along with four natural forces: gravity, rotational force, reactive force, and inertia, to complete each movement.

For example, before transitioning from "White Crane Spreads Its Wings" to "Brush Knee and Twist Step," the first two movements are as follows: the first step is to position the right index finger in its original empty space and allow gravity to relax and lower the elbow, achieving the goal of a hanging elbow. Then, by relaxing the shoulder, the entire arm drops down. As gravity nears its limit, the waist rotates 60 degrees to the right, causing the right hand to swing backward at waist level, while the left hand, due to the waist rotation, swings forward at chest level. This movement is driven entirely by the waist’s rotational force without moving the hands, which completes the first motion.

Next, the shoulders and body rotate 45 degrees, causing the right arm to turn 30 degrees to the left. The elbow is relaxed and used as a pivot point, and the right palm continues to swing to the outside of the right ear. Meanwhile, the left palm sinks due to gravity to rest on the right thigh, about 20 centimeters in front of the lower abdomen. During this leftward rotation, the principle of not actively moving the hands in Tai Chi is strictly followed, achieving the preparation for pressing the palm. Each movement is broken down, yet in continuous execution, the flow remains uninterrupted and smooth.