推手開合

推手開合

In Tai Chi Push Hands (Tuishou), the concepts of "relax and expansion" (松開 - Song Kai) and "contraction and tensify" (緊縮 - Jìn Suō) relate to a fundamental principle called "opening and closing" (開合 - Kai He). Here's a breakdown of the concept and its application in Push Hands:

Theory:

• Opening (開 - Kai): This refers to a state of relaxed muscles and extension in the joints. It allows for greater freedom of movement, sensitivity, and adaptability in Push Hands.
• Closing (合 - Hé): This refers to a state of slight muscular engagement and joint compression. It creates stability, focus, and power generation when needed in Push Hands.

Balance is Key:

Tai Chi emphasizes a harmonious balance between opening and closing. You shouldn't be completely limp (Song Kai) all the time, as you'd lack power and stability. Conversely, being constantly tense (Jìn Suō) would hinder your sensitivity and adaptability.

Using Openness and Closeness:

• Feeling Your Partner: In a relaxed and open state (Song Kai), you can better sense your partner's movements and intentions through the point of contact.
• Yielding and Neutralizing: When your partner initiates a push, you can initially respond with openness (Song Kai) by yielding slightly and allowing their force to flow through you.
• Redirecting and Controlling: Once you've understood your partner's force, you can subtly shift to a state of closing (Jìn Suō) with coordinated movement of your core and legs. This allows you to redirect their force or initiate your own technique with greater control.

Drills:

Here are some drills to practice the concept of opening and closing in Push Hands:

Drill 1: Partnered Pendulum Swing: 

1. Stand facing each other with arm's length distance.
2. A gently places one palm on B's forearm near the elbow. B places their other hand on top of A's hand.
3. A initiates a slow, forward and backward swinging motion with the arm, maintaining a relaxed posture (Song Kai).
4. B focuses on feeling the swing and responding by:
   • Matching the Rhythm: B's arm should move in coordination with A's swing, maintaining a light and connected touch.
   • Opening and Closing: As A swings forward, B can slightly soften the arm (Song Kai) to yield slightly. When A swings back, B can subtly engage the arm muscles (Jìn Suō) to maintain connection without resisting.
5. Repeat by switching roles.

Drill 2: Push Hands with Focus on Breathing:

1. Stand facing each other with arm's length distance in a neutral posture.
2. A and B gently connect palms with elbows slightly bent.
3. Coordinate your breath with your movements. Inhale as you open and expand (Song Kai) slightly, exhale as you close and focus (Jìn Suō) slightly.
4. A initiates a small forward push while maintaining a relaxed upper body (Song Kai).
5. B feels the push and responds by:
   • Yielding on Inhale: As A pushes and you inhale, slightly yield and soften the body (Song Kai) to absorb the force.
   • Neutralizing on Exhale: As you exhale, subtly engage your core and legs (Jìn Suō) to neutralize the force and maintain your center.
6. Continue practicing in a slow and controlled manner, focusing on the harmonious balance of opening and closing with your breath.

Drill 3: Push Hands with Partner Resistance:

1. Follow steps 1 and 2 from Drill 2.
2. A initiates a small forward push while also applying a slight pulling force with the other hand.
3. B responds by:
   • Opening and Closing: As A pushes, B can initially yield and soften (Song Kai) in the direction of the push. When A pulls, B can subtly close and engage (Jìn Suō) to resist the pull while maintaining connection.
4. B can also experiment with changing the timing and direction of their opening and closing to test A's sensitivity and adaptability.
5. Focus on maintaining a smooth flow and continuous connection throughout the exercise.

6. Sure, here's an additional practice in both languages based on the description:

   練習四：引導A落回站立姿勢 (Yǐn Dǎo A Luò Huí Zhàn Lì Shì Wèi):

   English:

   Practice Four: Guiding A Back to Standing Position

   Objective:

   This practice focuses on B's ability to receive A's falling force in a controlled and balanced manner, and then smoothly guide A back to a standing position.

   Description:

   1. A and B stand facing each other with arm's length distance.
   2. A initiates a controlled forward fall towards B.
   3. B steps forward slightly to meet A's fall, focusing on maintaining a stable and balanced posture.
   4. As A lands, B gently absorbs their momentum by bending the knees and softening the arms slightly.
   5. B maintains a connection with A's body and guides them back to an upright standing position using smooth and controlled movements.

   Key Points:

   • B should maintain a relaxed yet centered posture throughout the exercise.
   • B should focus on feeling A's weight and direction of movement to respond appropriately.
   • B should use controlled movements and coordinated weight shifts to guide A safely back to standing.

   Chinese:

   练习四：引導A落回站立姿勢 (Yǐn Dǎo A Luò Huí Zhàn Lì Shì Wèi):

   目標 (Mù Biāo):

   本練習重點是 B 接受 A 落下力量的能力，並以受控和平衡的方式進行，然後平穩地引導 A 返回站立姿勢。

   描述 (Miáo Shù):

   1. A 和 B 面對面站立，保持手臂長度的距離。
   2. A 向 B 方向進行受控的前傾倒地。
   3. B 稍微向前邁出一步迎接 A 的跌倒，專注於保持穩定和平衡的姿勢。
   4. 當 A 著陸時，B 彎曲膝蓋並稍微放鬆手臂，以溫柔地吸收他們的動量。
   5. B 保持與 A 身體的連接，並使用平穩和受控的動作引導他們回到直立的站立姿勢。

   關鍵點 (Guān Jiàn Diǎn):

   • B 應始終保持放鬆而穩定的姿勢。
   • B 應專注於感受 A 的重量和運動方向以適當響應。
   • B 應使用受控的動作和協調的重心轉移安全地引導 A 返回站立。

   Remember:

   This practice should be performed with a qualified instructor and with a focus on safety and control. Both A and B should communicate clearly and adjust their movements as needed to ensure a smooth and safe experience.

Remember, opening and closing are dynamic concepts in Push Hands. By practicing these drills, you can develop a deeper understanding of how to utilize them effectively to improve your sensitivity, control, and overall Push Hands skills.

**理論 (Lǐ Lùn) - Theory**

在太極推手 (Tài Jí Tuī Shǒu) 中，鬆開 (Sōng Kāi) 和緊縮 (Jìn Suō) 的概念與開合 (Kāi Hé) 這個基本原理息息相關。

* **開 (Kāi) - 開放 (Kāi Fàng):** 指肌肉放鬆和關節伸展的狀態。它允許在推手中有更大的活動自由度、敏感性和適應性。

* **合 (Hé):** 指輕微的肌肉收縮和關節壓縮的狀態。它在推手需要時創造穩定性、集中力和發力。

**平衡是關鍵 (Píng Héng Shì Guān Jiàn):**

太極強調開合之間的和諧平衡。你不應該一直處於完全鬆弛 (Sōng Chí) 的狀態，因為那樣你將缺乏力量和穩定性。相反，如果一直保持緊張 (Jìn Zhāng)，會阻礙你的敏感性和適應性。

**運用開合 (Yùn Yòng Kāi Hé):**

* **感受你的搭檔 (Gǎn Shòu Nǐ De Dā Dǎng):** 在放鬆和開放 (Sōng Kāi) 的狀態下，你可以更好地透過接觸點感受伴侶的動作和意圖。

* **順勢和化解(Shùn Shì Hé Huà Jiě):** 當你的搭檔開始推搡時，你可以最初以開放(Sōng Kāi) 的方式做出回應，稍微讓步，讓他們的力量流過你。

* **引導與控制 (Yǐn Dǎo Hé Kōng Zhì):** 一旦你了解伴侶的力道，就可以透過核心和腿部協調的運動，巧妙地轉換到合 (Hé) 的狀態。這使你可以改變他們的力量方向或以更大的控制力啟動自己的技法。

**相關術語 (Xiāng Guān Shù Yǔ):**

* 開合 (Kāi Hé): 開合

* 鬆開 (Sōng Kāi): 鬆開

* 緊縮 (Jìn Suō): 緊縮

**練習 (Liàn Xí):**

以下是一些練習推手開合概念的方法：

**練習一：夥伴擺動 (Dā Dǎng Bǎi Dòng):**

1. 面對面站立，保持手臂長度的距離。

2. A 輕輕地將一隻手掌放在 B 的前臂靠近手肘的位置。 B 將另一隻手放在 A 的手上方。

3. A 用手臂緩慢地向前後擺動，同時保持放鬆的姿勢 (Sōng Kāi)。

4. B 專注於感受擺動並回應：

 * **配合節奏 (Pèi Hé Jié Zòu):** B 的手臂應與 A 的擺動協調移動，保持輕微和連接的觸感。

 * **開合 (Kāi Hé):** 當 A 向前擺動時，B 可以稍微放鬆手臂 (Sōng Kāi) 稍微讓步。當 A 擺回時，B 可以巧妙地收緊手臂肌肉 (Jìn Suō) 以保持連接而不抵抗。

5. 互換角色重複練習。

**練習二：注重呼吸的推手 (Zhú Zhòng Hū Xī De Tuī Shǒu):**

1. 面對面站立，保持手臂長度的距離，呈中立姿勢。

2. A 和 B 輕輕地連接手掌，手肘稍微彎曲。

3. 呼吸與動作協調。吸氣時鬆開和稍微擴張 (Sōng Kāi)，呼氣時閉合和稍微集中 (Jìn Suō)。

4. A 向前輕輕推一下，同時上半身保持放鬆 (Sōng Kāi)。

5. B 感覺到推力並做出回應：

 * **吸氣時讓步 (Xī Qì Shí ràng Bù):** 當 A 推動且你吸氣時，稍微屈服和放鬆身體 (Sōng Kāi) 以吸收力量。

 * **呼氣時化解 (Hū Qì Shí Huà Jiě):** 呼氣時，巧妙地收緊核心和腿部 (Jìn Suō) 以化解力量並保持你的中心。

6. 繼續以緩慢和受控的方式練習，專注於呼吸和開合之間和諧的平衡。

**練習三：搭配搭檔抵抗的推手 (Dài Yǒu Dā D