Thoroughly Understanding the Hip: How to Practice Hip Movements"
It emphasizes the hip as the central axis of the body, influencing movement, power generation, and overall balance.
Key points discussed include:
- The Hip as the Center of Movement: The hip is described as the "root" of movement, connecting the upper and lower body.
- The Hip and Other Joints: The article explores how the hip interacts with other joints, such as the knee and ankle, to create fluid and efficient movements.
- Hip Exercises: Various exercises are detailed, including those that focus on opening the hips, rotating the hips, and strengthening the muscles surrounding the hips.
- The Role of the Hip in Tai Chi Techniques: The article explains how hip movements are integral to different Tai Chi techniques, such as pushing hands and forms.
- The Importance of Relaxation and Alignment: Proper alignment and relaxation of the hips are crucial for effective Tai Chi practice.
Key Takeaways and Practical Applications
- Hip Mobility: The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, designed for a wide range of motion. Regular practice of hip exercises can improve flexibility and range of motion.
- Power Generation: The hip is a powerful generator of force. By understanding how to engage the hip muscles, you can increase the power and efficiency of your Tai Chi movements.
- Balance and Stability: The hip plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and stability. By strengthening the muscles around the hip, you can improve your overall balance and coordination.
- Alignment: Proper alignment of the hips is essential for preventing injuries and maximizing the benefits of Tai Chi practice.
- "Mastering the Hip: A Comprehensive Guide to Hip Training"
Section-by-Section Breakdown
Section 1: The Hip and Its Relationship with Other Joints
- This section emphasizes the importance of the hip as the central axis for body movement. It discusses how the hip's flexibility and strength directly influence overall movement quality and power generation.
- Key points: The hip is the foundation for opening the stance, maintaining balance, and generating power in Tai Chi.
Tai Chi practice demands a relaxed and open crotch. The terms “rounded support,” “hollow support,” and “void and spirit” are essentially requirements for the hip bone. To achieve an open crotch, the root of the hip must be relaxed and expanded. A closed crotch, resembling a human character for "person" (人), cannot support the body's weight nor allow the center of gravity to sink. The upper and lower limbs will become stiff, especially affecting the rotation of the waist, thus hindering the generation of explosive power.
To ensure that the waist and hip rotate as one, the waist must be relaxed and the spinal vertebrae relatively loose. The abdominal muscles below the ribs should also be relaxed, allowing the body weight to rest on the hip bone. During movement, simply focusing on the rotation of the hip will naturally drive the rotation of the waist. The inward and outward turning of the lower limbs also relies entirely on the loose and rounded rotation of the hip joint. The flexibility of the upper and lower limbs depends on the hip leading the movement. In Tai Chi postures, parallel rotations of the waist and hip are common. Power is generated when the speed of hip rotation increases. To neutralize incoming force, one simply needs to relax, rotate, and yield.
A Tai Chi saying states, "There is a spring force within the crotch; with a quick thought, it can outrun a bird." While this seems to emphasize the power of the crotch, it actually highlights the rotation of the hip. Through consistent practice of relaxing and rounding the hip, one can achieve a speed that surpasses even a bird. Hip strikes are direct techniques. Hip training requires a balance between contracting and expanding the buttocks. Contracting the buttocks helps to gather internal energy, while expanding it allows for greater power.
When first practicing, you can try to relax the muscles of the buttocks and waist as much as possible. Gently stretch the muscles of the outer lower buttocks, then gently contract them inward and forward. It's like wrapping the pelvis with the buttocks or lifting the lower abdomen with the buttocks. Contracting the buttocks must be organically combined with other requirements such as sinking the waist, relaxing the hips, bending the knees, opening the crotch, rounding the crotch, and lifting the anus, for this skill to improve. The martial function of the buttocks is developed through regular practice. Whether using the left buttock, right buttock, or the entire buttock, one must use them appropriately according to the situation. Buttock strikes are used to counter an enemy from behind. You should move forward and press your buttocks tightly against the opponent's lower abdomen, coordinating with hand techniques, bend forward, lift the buttocks upward, and release a short burst of energy to flip the opponent from behind to the ground, as in techniques like "Flash Through the Back," "Wrap and Transform into Cannon," or "Advance Step and Plant Punch." The buttocks can also be used to forcefully sit on the opponent's hip or knee joint, causing them pain and making them fall. When using this technique, pay attention to close contact, rapid turning, precise point of force, quick speed, and proper coordination. Remember to retract immediately after the strike to maintain internal energy concentration. Effective use of the leg joints relies entirely on the hip rotation. The silk reeling method for circulating energy through the hips is: reverse silk reeling to drive the knees, knees drive the feet, exhale and release energy; forward silk reeling, hips lead the knees, knees pull the feet, inhale and store energy.
Key points emphasized in the text:
- The importance of the hip in Tai Chi: The hip serves as the foundation for movement, power generation, and balance.
- The relationship between the hip, waist, and legs: These body parts work together to produce fluid and efficient movements.
- The concept of "rooting" in the hip: The idea of grounding oneself and generating power from the hips.
- The role of relaxation and tension in Tai Chi: The importance of maintaining a relaxed yet engaged body.
- The connection between hip movement and internal energy: The practice of Tai Chi is often associated with cultivating and directing internal energy, and the hip plays a crucial role in this process.
Overall, this passage highlights the central role of the hip in Tai Chi practice and emphasizes the importance of understanding and training this area of the body.
Section 2: Specific Hip Exercises
- This section provides detailed instructions for various hip exercises, including:
- Rotating the hips: This exercise helps to improve hip flexibility and coordination.
- Opening and closing the hips: These exercises focus on increasing the range of motion in the hip joint.
- High kicks: These help to stretch the hip flexors and improve leg strength.
- Hip circles: These exercises help to improve hip rotation and fluidity.
- ### 2. Single Hip Movement Training Method
- **1. Waist and Hip Rotation Exercise**
- ① Stand with your legs shoulder-width apart, relax your entire body, sink your waist and drop your hips, and open and relax the hip joints. Bend your knees slightly, look straight ahead, and focus your mind on the hip joints.
- ② Raise both hands in front of your abdomen, with the backs of your hands facing forward and palms facing your body. Align your middle fingers, keeping your hands about one fist-width apart, in a hugging position in front of your navel.
- ③ Without moving your lower body, firmly plant both feet on the ground. Rotate your waist and hips to the left first, while keeping your hands fixed in position, until you reach the maximum limit.
- ④ Keeping the upper and lower body unchanged, rotate your waist and hips back from the left to the right side, reaching the maximum limit. Repeat this exercise 20 times.
Section 3: Incorporating Hip Training into Tai Chi Practice
- This section discusses how to apply hip training to the practice of Tai Chi forms and pushing hands. It emphasizes the importance of:
- Root in the hips: Ensuring that the power for all movements originates from the hips.
- Coordination between hips, waist, and legs: Achieving a harmonious and fluid movement pattern.
- Utilizing the hip for generating power and absorbing force: The hip plays a crucial role in both offensive and defensive techniques.
Section 4: The Importance of Relaxation and Alignment
- The article stresses the importance of relaxation and proper alignment in hip training.
- Relaxation: Tension can hinder movement and reduce flexibility.
- Alignment: Proper alignment ensures that the hip joint is working efficiently and reduces the risk of injury.
Overall, the article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and training the hip for Tai Chi practice. It emphasizes the hip's crucial role in generating power, maintaining balance, and achieving overall body coordination.
Would you like me to translate a specific paragraph or section? Or perhaps you'd like to delve deeper into a particular concept, such as the relationship between the hip and other joints or the biomechanics of hip movements.
Here are some potential questions to get you started:
- What is the significance of "kua bu ba zi" in Tai Chi?
- How can I improve my hip flexibility and strength?
- What are the benefits of practicing hip exercises for general health and well-being?
Please let me know how I can assist you further.
徹底搞懂胯!如何練習胯!
https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/fit/pb8xv3z.html
一、研究胯與其他關節的關係
練太極拳要求襠要開,圓撐、虛撐、虛靈,實質上是對胯骨的要求,若要開襠,胯根必須鬆開撐圓。胯不開,襠為人字夾襠。既不能承受體重的重壓,又不能使身體重心下降。上下肢必然變為呆滯,特別是對腰軸的旋轉影響很大,影響爆發力的產生。要使腰胯旋轉一致,必須做到塌腰,脊柱骨節相對松沉。肋骨下的腹機要放鬆,這樣使體重落到胯骨之上。進行運動時,只須注意胯的旋轉,就能帶動腰部的旋轉。下肢的外撇里扣,也全憑胯關節的松活圓轉,上下肢的靈活性全靠胯的領帶。拳勢中腰胯的平行旋轉甚多,發力就是在胯的旋轉速度加快時產生。引化來力也只須松轉而避之。
拳諺講:「襠內自有彈簧力,靈機一動鳥難飛。」看似強調襠勁,實際是對胯的旋轉的強調,只要久練胯的松沉、圓轉,速度由慢加快就能超越鳥飛之速。臀擊和髖擊是直接使用的技術。臀部訓練要求「斂臀」與「泛臀」兩者辯證訓練。斂臀是為了內氣團聚,通過靜勢的收斂臀部、提肛托腹的動作,才能使「氣沉丹田」。
初練時,可儘量放鬆臀部和腰部的肌肉。輕輕使臀肌肉外下方舒展,然後,再輕輕向前向里收斂。就像用臀把骨盆包起來,又像用臀把小腹托起來那樣。斂臀須與塌腰、松胯、屈膝、開襠、圓襠、提肛等要求有機結合起來,這門功夫才能增進。臀部的技擊作用是平素練出來的,左臀、右臀或全臀技擊要見機而用。臀擊是對付背後敵方而用的。要移步進身,將臀部貼緊對方小腹,配合手法,俯身將臀部上挑,發短暫的寸勁,使對方從我背後前翻倒地,如「閃通背」「裹變炮」「進步栽捶」等。臀部也可乘勢猛坐身後敵方的髖部或膝關節,使之疼痛倒地。用時應注意貼身猛轉,寸勁擊發,力點要准,速度要快,配合恰當,切記發後即收,保持內氣團聚。用好腿關節,全憑胯根轉。胯的纏絲行氣法是,逆纏絲胯催膝,膝促足,呼氣並發勁;順纏絲,胯帶膝,膝牽足,吸氣並蓄勢。
二、胯的單勢練法
1、轉腰胯功
①兩腿站立與肩同寬,全身放鬆,塌腰落胯,胯根撐開而松沉。膝微屈,兩眼平視,意念集中在胯根。
②雙手上升於腹前,兩手背朝前,手心向身體,兩中指相對,兩手距離約一拳,在臍部前,成摟抱狀。
③下肢不動,兩腳平實踏地,要以胯帶腰先向左側旋轉,雙手姿勢固定,向左後方轉到最大限度為止。
④上下肢不變,再以胯帶腰,從左側反轉回來,向右側後方旋轉,轉到最大限度為止,這樣反覆練習20遍。

2、開合胯功
①立正姿勢起勢,雙手叉腰,四指朝前,拇指朝後,兩膝微屈,頂頭懸,沉肩塌腰落胯。
②上肢不變,先提左腿松胯,重心移在右腿上,松胯。左胯旋轉里合,左腳尖領勁,合後左腳尖點地成虛步;然後,再鬆開左胯,腳尖領勁外撇落地,在右腳前約一尺距離,左右腳尖方向相反,方向都朝外,踩在同一直線上。
③接上勢,重心放在左腿上,松胯提右腿,右腳尖領勁,以胯帶腰,體向左側旋轉里合,右腳尖點地成虛步。
④接上勢,以胯帶腰帶腿,腳尖領勁,外撇旋轉,松胯落腳,兩腳距離約一尺,重心移到右腿之上,兩腳尖方向相反,同踩一條直線,反覆訓練20遍。
3、高踢腿功
從立正姿勢開始。雙手叉腰,四指朝前,拇指朝後,虛靈頂勁,沉肩垂肘,含胸塌腰,氣沉丹田,先踢左腿,胯鬆開高踢,先腳尖朝下勾,腳面伸展踢,再腳尖朝上勾踢。先左後右,儘量使胯骨鬆開,筋、骨、皮同時放鬆拉長,這樣反覆高踢,左右各10次。
4、擺腳轉胯
立正姿勢開始。雙手叉腰,四指朝前,拇指朝後,虛領頂勁,沉肩垂肘,含胸塌腰,氣沉丹田,先左高踢腿,不落再向外側擺擊。與體側旁齊,再下落還原位。踢時腰要鬆開,通過擺腳旋轉,拉長胯旁肌肉。先左後右,反覆訓練,左右各數遍。
5、跌岔開胯
①立正姿勢開始,虛領頂勁,沉肩垂肘,含胸塌腰,氣沉丹田,落胯屈腿微蹲。
②兩手握拳交叉於襠前為下十字手,上肢軀幹正直松沉,先橫出左腿,左拳與腿橫伸同步。右拳上掤於頂,左腳尖上翹,腳跟後側全都鋪地,右膝屈彎成90度,里側落地,開胯,臀部完全著地。
③上肢左拳隨前弓腿前穿,左腳後跟與右腳里側同時用力蹬地,把身體撐起,頭部要領勁。成左弓步時,再變右勢,以左胯為軸,體向右旋轉跌岔,臀部、右腳後側、左腳里側都同時著地。右拳隨右腿前伸,左拳畫弧上掤,眼視前方,這樣反覆練習,左右各10遍。
6、旋轉臀胯
①身體自然站立,兩足距離略比肩寬,足尖朝前,兩眼平視,虛領頂勁,沉肩垂肘,雙手叉腰,四指朝前,拇指朝後,松腰落胯,襠開圓,膝微屈,兩腳平行朝前,平實踏地。
②接上勢,意導胯臀向左向前,順時針旋轉胯臀,要儘量畫圓,向前轉收臂,向後轉臀,順時針轉10圈,然後逆時針轉10圈。
三、走架訓練胯勁
1、練拳架時,在體力條件許可的情況下,要加大運動量,身體下蹲前進、後退時邁步要大。
2、虛領頂勁、沉肩墜肘時,含胸拔背,松腰落胯,兩胯根要始終保持窩形;
3、邁步時,實足的胯根要微向里抽旋而下沉,腰胯同時旋轉。
4、要做到外三合,有時錯對相合,有時同步相合,上下保持一條直線。
5、移重心時,實腿胯要松沉屈折,另一腿要放鬆隨腰轉前提,先合胯,後開胯。
6、定勢時虛實分明,先塌腰,後收斂臀,胯再放鬆,胯襠既開又合,保持骶骨有力。
7、要注意的是,以胯為核心,先注意上下一整體旋轉,再研究上下肢異步旋轉的配合。
總之,腰襠要密切協調配合,活腰應松襠松胯,塌腰應開襠開胯落胯,擰腰應扣襠轉胯。只要靈活地掌握了胯關節的開合、松沉、旋轉,腰襠勁的耐力、彈力、爆發力就能產生,這樣才能悟出太極拳技擊之奧妙。

怎樣練習開胯和松胯
開胯對學習太極拳是至關重要的,胯開的、松的程度對今後太極拳動作的規範和發勁都起到很關鍵的作用。
方法一:
1、坐
兩腳腳心相對,兩肘成90度,兩手掌心按在兩個膝蓋上,盤地而坐。丹田呼吸三次。
2、抬膝
全身放鬆,丹田吸氣。隨著吸氣兩膝蓋略上抬。
3、按膝
全身放鬆,丹田呼氣,隨著呼氣兩手往下按兩個膝蓋,使膝蓋、兩腿外側貼到地面。這樣一吸一呼,一按一抬連續練習,幾天即可徹底開胯。隨著胯開得程度,下按兩膝貼地靜止的時間逐漸加長,達到三分鐘以上為佳。
方法二:
兩腳開立略大於肩,兩腳尖指向身體外側,身體正直,兩手叉腰。慢慢的下蹲,至大腿於地面平行時,在慢慢的起立。切記蹲起一定要慢。剛開始會有些前俯後仰,初練時可以手扶桌椅牆壁練習,慢慢的過渡到不用手扶的練習。

方法三:
開前胯就是站外八字,最好兩腳在一條線上,半蹲(彆扭吧),骨盆與大腿部交接部內收。一次練1-2分鐘。開始覺得彆扭,久練就習慣了。
開後胯就是站內八字,最好兩腳在一條線上,半蹲,膝蓋儘量內收,腳尖不能超過膝蓋,身體儘量後坐(更彆扭),感覺臀部的骨盆外翻就對了。還要把腿部肌肉內旋,使重量全吃到腳底(腳跟和腳內側),如果吃到膝蓋,會對膝蓋有傷害。一次練1-2分鐘。開始覺得彆扭,久練就習慣了。
開胯後,骨盆增加了橫向的移動距離,打拳時,開則骨盆向兩邊打開,合則骨盆從兩側往前包合,太極拳講開合,所以骨盆也忙得很。
松胯練習
我們學練太極拳雙胯必須鬆開,襠部撐圓。松胯哪怕鬆開一點點都行,不松胯或未松胯時不能使內氣內勁產生。
松胯的標準:雙胯能下沉,襠開圓,雙腿曲膝;上身自重能通過胯膝往腳上負重,胯部相對不負重;雙胯隨身體重心移動胯部也能適當負重,轉換靈活,下盤穩固。
松胯的感覺:人的自重已扎在膝部已下小腿及腳跟部;在膝部不前傾的前提下,胯部能上下起伏;人上身的自重往下松沉時,胯部有一種釋放能量的感覺,從上往下釋放;當你收縮會陰部時,胯部有一種吸的感覺。
大家通過靜練和慢練,細細體悟會找到感覺。
腰、腿、胯的練習方法
前述已經講過,肩開一分,胯開一寸你就是半個武術把式,胯的活動量加大也是非經過苦練苦修很不容易得來的,胯和腰的動作是密切相關聯的,如腰動,勢必帶動胯動,尤為在前進、後腿轉換運動中,以及左顧右盼過程中,化勁走化五不以腰和胯配合就此帶動全身各部活動,而發勁動作必須松胯,松胯實則為沉胯,才能發勁整壯。
胯之練習方法如下所述:
(一)胯
2、 郝式太極拳「合手」一式就是立行可見,可以鍛鍊胯部走勢最為典型之範例,說白了也為一種斂身的動作,外形似為肘部在做回收前提走圈運動,而實則是一胯帶肘,以肘帶手,隨肘向下向身側成圓回收,步隨勢稍收即可變為腳尖虛步點地,實腿下勢,胯向下松沉蓄勁,身體先進兩頭,打人如親吻,緊繼點地虛步前邁,意念提頂,下頜微收,頭和腳順利勁去了,自然身也進勢成功,此即為手進腳落力而發出。
(一) 腰
拳譜上講:「腰為主宰」「腰似車軸」「刻刻留意在要隙」話字雖然寥寥幾字。但足以告誡學者「腰功」在太極拳里它的重要性,也就將其上升為理論探討這個問題,在套路中,或推手散打、**搏擊,或實戰對敵時,勢勢招招盡貫穿著腰勁,可以掂量「練習太極拳如練不到腰上,就等於不知太極拳勁理」這句話的分量,大有數年純功,不能運化著,比比既是,不知怎樣練,也就不會練,往往耗費幾多時間也是練不出腰勁來,就而導致數年功夫要功虧一簣,這樣些人雖也說得上很勤奮,練得很久卻沒有幾多長進,只得一個花架子而亦。

初學太極拳推手的人一般常常僅以上肢運動為注意點,日日夜夜仍樂忠於一招一式勢上用心思,也有人雖也口口聲聲把腰常掛在嘴邊上,可一到具體行功走架時,在推手練習時就沒了腰。這種現象不止一人,從想像里也知道太極拳離不開腰勁,可一旦付諸實踐即茫然不知所措,腰此時也不知跑到哪兒去了,想用也用不上。即因平常練習太極拳對腰勁真正了解認識還步夠,而經專門訓練仍太少,丟失要勁並步為奇,知道到理就好辦,所以得出結論。要向學好太極拳這門功夫,就要特意對腰身進行專職當然訓練。
1、 只知有手而談不上腰勁,所以不妨乾脆先把手拋開,意念中,起落,伸縮,即在太極拳本手法棚捋擠按采洌肘靠八種手法欲法動勢。把意念活動著重點從手是就而轉移到腰上,索性把手徹底忘卻,思想里自己就不存在,這叫丟掉了手才能找得到腰,從而悟出腰勁來。

練習方法
腳先紮好步,兩臂在腰的協帶下在身前來回擺動,甩出後繼而收回,腰的動作就好比嬰童玩具的手鼓把子,人把身子來比做鼓,鼓在把子轉動下即為腰勁,鼓動且鼓上兩邊則有軟繩吸著物件,即如我們的兩隻胳膊和兩隻手,兩臂恰似兩條軟繩下還拴著兩個重重的鐵錘頭,即我們的兩隻手,練時仍要注意下肢兩腿的協調配合。
2、進入實練階段,即是在實踐中,即用即學,在推手過程中切實不忘的把腰勁貫徹進去,所謂腰勁其實就是身勁的體現,沒了腰腿勁,即是沒了身勁,單憑兩臂之力是微不足道的,舉例講一個道理,與人對陣,人家假設有十個兵力,我兩臂可比做四個兵力,再有八個兵力,成十二個兵力自然就超過對方,勝算的機會就會比較大,那麼其他的幾個兵力去哪裡尋覓呢,只靠兩臂顯然是無能為力了,既然不是手,然而必須藉助腰身之勁即為這八個兵力所在、囉嗦了一大會,能聽得明白嗎?兩臂棚出,停留在某適當位置,接下保持兩臂姿勢在原位基本一動不動,也就是兩臂這時沒有絲毫挪動之象,就當兩臂已不存在,只是腰身前送。此時還要注意致使兩肩去找兩胯,氣而下沉於腿,自然技用上了腰身勁。僅從外形外觀看出我棚出之兩臂對於下肢和身位發生了位移,表面似乎是兩臂著力,而實質內在對於腰身來講雖位置絲毫沒有動的跡象,實則完全用上了腰身之勁。
3、我們把腰好比是車軸,兩臂當做勢車輪,它們的安裝形式有三類情況。
其一
車軸勢固定的,車輪以軸承按裝在兩邊,所以輪轉而軸不動。
其二
車輪固死在中軸兩端,車軸安裝在固定好的軸承上,軸轉帶動著車輪轉。
其三
車軸安裝在固定好的軸承上,軸可以轉,而車輪又加軸承安裝在可以轉動的車軸兩邊,車軸本身就可以轉動,而車輪也會轉動。
了解了它們的運動規律,對腰身的動作形式概念則大有幫助,前面列舉的兩種腰法練習,第一種是旋腰法練習,則屬於軸轉輪不轉那種形式。第二種是以向前為主的進攻方法的訓練,則歸類於軸不動而輪動的動作形式,將兩種現象統一在一起即為綜合形式,也就是軸轉、輪也轉那種如提手上勢、白鶴亮翅、摟膝拗步等式都為一手或抄、或提、或摟或按,同時另一手而出掌攻擊,如何才能用上腰腿勁呢?與出掌腰先後撤,隨即前送掌出。注意腰襠更須向下松沉,臂申城似屈非屈,將展未展,在與對方身體某部位將接觸而未接觸時,坐腕發力。此時腰襠松沉和臂發力合為一整體勁,並與腿的動作合節合拍。
前腳踩,伴隨著膝蓋有向上,腿跟有向下直意,這樣才踩得穩,兩足足趾抓地,正體腿部在向後踩。
後腿蹬,足底向後蹬勁,膝部向前向上用力。
手指端一接觸點向前撐力,腰、脊、命門先微微前送繼而向後向下撐,如此正好與指端用力形成對拔之勢,意逼丹田迸發出來的勁力和氣貼脊背所形成的內功勁力,呼氣發出。
整個動作過程連貫一氣呵成,腰襠下沉,身體下勢下蹲,沉肩墜肘,接下座腕、展指、舒指、勞宮前凸,如此這般渾然自成全體一體體整勁發出。就此胯部的松沉勁和腰身、腰腿勁合為一體整勁勢太極拳也就成為一必行之定律,盡而各式須以腰勁完成。
3、以柔克剛、能引進落空四兩撥千斤其也都在於腰,具體的講,引是引對方的力,進則是進自己身體,我進到位了,即把他人置於空位,此敵背我順之造就,其中奧妙仍要以腰勁進行,以斜變正,敗勢中找先手,皆勢勢體現在腰。
招招勢勢、無論是拉、是送、是轉、是側還是閃、擺、提、沉處處離不開用腰。
講腰為車軸,視兩臂的運動不為形,而為氣。腰為軸帶動車輪運轉,推手搭手相互接手就可全視為接意、接氣,而不是接勢、接力。這樣也容易對方每一動掌握在自己心中,練習化勁,一柔克剛,練習辦法即可讓對方先攻,對方一手按我手腕,一手搭附我肘,隨意用勁,我前臂而棚要似頂非頂,似有無有,似無而有,「彼無力,我亦無力,我意在先,彼有力,我亦有力,我意仍占先「,無力不等於軟,有力不等於僵,要養成敢於讓出一步的習慣,暫時背不叫背,實際分析,我用勢策略可以我一隻臂將對方兩臂占住並加以控制好,就能夠從容騰開我一隻手來,任我所用,此為太極拳三隻手之技,也可以我兩臂最巧妙就勢將對方一半邊臂膀完全控制,使其另一半邊無能為力,仍叫武派最善用的半扇門技擊手段。

拳論:「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於指。由腳而腿而腰,總須完整一氣。向前退後,乃得機得勢,有不得機得勢,身便散亂,其病必於腰腿求之」。這裡的「腰」一般說的應該是「胯」,「腰胯」是相互作用的,尤其對「胯」的運轉特別細緻,起整個運動的主導作用,以身法帶動手法,勁力的基礎在腳下,起動能的來源是腰胯。
在練拳走架中,腰一定要直松,身法要做到立身中正、不偏不倚、兩胯松平衡,不能出現前俯後仰,左右傾斜的不良姿勢。全身動作的變化和重心調整的穩定必須由腰來起主要作用,上下轉動的關鍵也在於腰,推動勁力到達四肢部位仍然由腰主導完成。腰要松,松腰兩足才有力,下盤才穩固,「不得力必腰腿求」之說, 說明要使自己下盤穩固,練出強似不倒翁的底盤功夫,就不能不明松腰塌胯的重要性。
從技擊的角度來講,中盤結合得好,必然會穩固下盤、足脛堅強、心君泰然,使人強若不倒之翁。太極拳雖然不以力取勝,但氣力仍然是練習武功的基礎,如果沒有四兩力,怎能破千斤。腰胯是全身勁力的主宰,運化功夫也是引化來力和利用人體螺旋力發勁進擊敵人的重要方面。有些練習者練太極多年,但與人一交手就受制於人,為什麼?就是因為中盤不合,上下不協調而導致脫節。在交手時何處失勢,何處受制,其原因大都是中盤功運動有毛病,表面上看只需肩活臂松就可不丟不頂,其實不然,如果前進後退時腰襠不活,即使在肩臂上下多大功夫也是枉然。如果腰襠功掌握得好,在技擊中就容易找到對方的弱點,避實擊虛,就容易將對方的勁路摸透,就容易將對方的勁力引進來而借力發之。
說松腰塌胯是來之不易的。我被師父發放多次後總不知道師父是怎樣發的力,經過師父多次講解才有所體會。實際上,在推手與打手中被放出,很大程度上是由於不能上下相隨,自然也是不能化勁。功夫淺時,推手中總會被動,但要從被動中去找松,找毛病,克服之。松腰塌胯後,勁自落至腳跟,腰部有一種很舒服的感覺,如果在推手中能將人家的過來的勁通過松腰塌胯化掉,你就能夠邁步自如,腳下穩固。塌胯,在求髖關節的靈活,特別是在立身中正身體下的靈活。小腹是一身重心所在,降低重心而又靈活安穩。在髖關節靈活之後,再加以襠部的旋轉自如,才可能化解對方的來力,安穩不敗。一般化勁功夫不好的人,大多是沒有經過嚴格的塌胯訓練,髖關節未能鬆柔靈活的結果。」運用弓步時先松腰後塌胯。塌胯時腰背部、臀部肌肉放鬆,胯骨自然下垂,胯骨與腳底湧泉穴形成弓式,發勁時松腰塌胯,人就起根跌出去了。
武術一切動作以胯根為主宰,牽連發動全身運動。通俗點說,通過用意不用力方式使腰胯旋動整合起來,帶動周身骨骼聯動出擊,就是這樣依靠胯部運動來發力傳勁。譬如出手,而不是手要出擊,乃是由胯襠把手擊出。再如要收回右手,也是胯襠把它收回來。收與放全憑胯間。又如推手練習,對方用手封住我的左手並向我中心發勁,而我雖然被對方封著左手,但我的胯襠已轉換,不進則已,如進必使其落空,因為我的身法已經改變,重心也變了,並相機得勢用勁使對方失去重心跌出。
打拳先明理,有了師父的指導加上苦練一定會提高我們的技藝,向著武術殿堂邁進。
坐胯
大家都知道「胯」的重要性,知道胯要「活」,它是人體一身的核心,重中之重。我們知道可以通過面壁蹲牆功甚至通過「抖大杆」等方式來增加胯的運動幅度,使其變得靈活無阻滯。胯活,則一身活,上連脊柱,下接兩腿,身法步法皆賴於此。但還不夠,我們不但要做到「胯活」,還要做到「胯彈」,用胯根「大筋」帶動胯部崩彈,使整體瞬間加速,這才是「身法、步法」得以深化的核心關鍵。我們看家裡的貓、狗,其受驚時反應之快,完全超越一般的肌肉反應,用勢如閃電來形容,一點不為過,這是因為它們天生將連接關節的大筋作為了主要的發勁機構,所以動作是崩彈式的,速度必然快,且連續性非常強!
練拳時,除了要強調「胯」的橫向崩彈,同時也要注重胯的縱向運動,稱之為「坐胯」。拳練到一定程度,講究橫向勁力與縱向勁力的交替,也就是「螺旋勁力」。橫勁易學,縱勁難練,此時需要做到縱向「撐拔」,「拉脊與抽胯」是關鍵。我們可以藉助內臟上提,使胯與腿骨肩抽開縫隙,令胯根大筋縱方向拉緊。「坐胯」時,則可以身借胯勁,胯借身勢,一起往下運動,產生巨大的衝擊力,稱之為「千斤墜」。習之日久,整個身體都能夠縱向撐拔,產生縱向的崩彈勁力,此時身體的彈簧就已經具備,是形成身體整體顫勁的基本條件,而「提胯、坐胯」是關鍵!
人體要能夠更好的發勁,至少得具備幾個要素:
1、胯要能彈,不是單純的擰轉。
2、背要能竄,背部肌肉跟骨骼的一種分離狀。
3、肩要能夾,肩不夾,則身勁散,無法形成合勁,前提是,肩縫。
有雲「功夫在背」,背為人體最大最寬之處,毫無懸念,所蘊含的勁力也是最大的。我們評價一個人的拳架好不好,功夫高不高,可以從背上看出來,背活並且能崩彈旋裹,如同變形金剛般的根據需要展現出不同的狀態,是為活、整!背的力學構造由胯、脊、肋、肩主宰,它們開發好了,背必然活力無限,潛能盡數發揮。我們在練習熊膀時,將胯、肩的擰裹崩彈,肋的折合,脊的旋擰,肩的壓彈充分表現出來,從而實現「龍身」!所謂「身備五弓」,兩臂,兩腿帶身弓,最大的弓在於背,也就是人體軀幹,我們只有將背脊盤好,才可以將這把弓的威力表現出來!
練拳的火侯非常重要,其竅要如下:
我們有句話:「累不練,困不練,餓不練」。那什麼時候練?要在你身體狀態最好的時候練,所謂精足氣滿,渾身都是力氣。一個健康的人,應該每天都有這個狀態,尤其是在早晨起床以後,應該感覺精力充足,兩手漲滿,渾身有勁。功夫到了一定程度,就不是你自己設定計劃去練,而是身體會自動提醒你去練。往往你在那坐著,心裡頭一股勁起來就坐不住了,這時候練個十幾二十分鐘,精神就愈發的振奮,精氣就愈發的充沛。

收功很重要。幾乎所有的拳,練完了收式都是靜一靜,關鍵就在這靜一靜。這個靜,就是無極,就是返先天,能靜多長時間靜多長時間,就把你剛才煉的這些都轉入先天虛無,而後再入後天氣血。這世上只有這一條路,沒有第二條。南懷瑾說過一個煉精化氣的小法門,就是按腦袋那個,最後要空一空把功夫化了,道理是一樣的。孫氏所有拳法都是起於無極,最後收於無極,你要是不懂這個道理,草草了事,那就基本就白練了。
功夫這兩個字,好像慢火燉老湯,倒不主要是慢火,關鍵是老湯裡頭的化學變化。你說我練了二十年,每天揮汗如雨堅持不懈,這種精神可嘉,但如果身心上沒得著好處,這二十年就白練了。當然,也出汗了,多少對提升免疫力有幫助。但如果過了火,就會起到反作用。內家拳的功夫,就是身心的逆生長,體能體質快速增強,四五十歲的人身體要比十八九歲的小伙子好。身體裡頭的筋骨愈發健壯,這些你自己都能感受的到。身邊的人感受你永遠是精精神神,好像小伙子一樣朝氣蓬勃。
過去老輩人寫文著述,都是自己練出來了,而且社會也都承認,才會把自己一生的總結貢獻出來行之書本,現在則大不同了。我只想說,教書育人,話不能隨便說,書也不能隨便出,文章更不能亂寫,別人看了走錯了路是有因果的。最起碼說的都是我練出來身心驗證了的,其實拳法這東西非常客觀,拳道同體,本來就是一體兩面,只要你練對了身心上應該馬上就有變化,絕不會有幾年甚至幾十年都沒消息的。都說以拳入道,道也很簡單,只要你空空靜靜不染片塵,就離道不遠了。在這個程度上不管站樁還是練拳,才能有所印證和體會。
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