日文
太極拳套路推手(たいきょくけん とうろ すいしゅ)
太極拳套路推手(たいきょくけん とうろ すいしゅ)
太極拳(たいきょくけん)の内涵(ないがん)は、老莊(ろうそう)の「無為(むい)」の反向(はんこう)思考(しこう)邏輯(らじき)、および『易経(えききょう)』の「陰陽(いんよう)」変化(へんか)の哲理(てつり)にある。鄭曼青宗師(てい まんせい そうし)は「無為(むい)」の思考邏輯(しこうらじき)を、鬆柔(しょうじゅう)太極拳法(たいきょくけんぽう)に応用(おうよう)し、美人手(びじんしゅ)、太極(たいきょく)不動手(ふどうしゅ)、吃虧即是佔便宜(きっき すなわち てんぺんぎ)などの訓練(くんれん)の要訣(ようけつ)を提唱(ていしょう)した。
太極拳(たいきょくけん)の「陰陽(いんよう)」には、動静(どうせい)、虚実(きょじつ)、剛柔(ごうじゅう)の変化(へんか)、および「相生相剋(そうせいそうこく)」の法哲(ほうてつ)が内包(ないほう)されている。『太極拳論(たいきょくけんろん)』に曰(いわ)く:「陰(いん)は陽(よう)を離(はな)れず、陽(よう)は陰(いん)を離(はな)れず。陰陽(いんよう)相(あい)済(すく)いて、方(まさ)に勁(けい)を懂(わか)る。」『太極拳経(たいきょくけんけい)』に曰(いわ)く:「その根(ね)は脚(あし)に在(あ)り、発(はっ)するは腿(もも)より、主宰(しゅさい)は腰(こし)にあり、形(かたち)は手指(しゅし)に於(お)いて、脚(あし)より腿(もも)、腿(もも)より腰(こし)へ、総(すべ)て須(すべか)らく完整(かんせい)一気(いっき)たるべし。」などの要義(ようぎ)は、皆(みな)「無為(むい)」と「陰陽(いんよう)」を以(もっ)て、鬆柔(しょうじゅう)武術(ぶじゅつ)の根基(こんき)とする。
中華民国太極拳総会(ちゅうかみんこく たいきょくけん そうかい)は、この累代(るいだい)太極拳(たいきょくけん)先賢(せんけん)の訓練要訣(くんれんようけつ)を保存(ほぞん)するため、四項(よんこう)の鬆柔(しょうじゅう)太極拳推手(たいきょくけん すいしゅ)套路(とうろ)を統合(とうごう)し、鬆柔(しょうじゅう)推手(すいしゅ)套路比賽(とうろひさい)の指定動作(していどうさ)とした。
選手(せんしゅ)双方(そうほう)は、身体(しんたい)の各大環節(かくだいかんせつ)を放鬆(ほうしょう)するだけでなく、手腕(しゅわん)の強力(きょうりょく)、拙力(せつりょく)、企図心(きとしん)、執着(しゅうちゃく)、堅持(けんじ)などをも手放(てばな)さねばならない。これによって「以柔克剛(いじゅうこくごう)」の技藝(ぎげい)を展現(てんげん)するのである。これは老莊(ろうそう)の「無為(むい)」の思考邏輯(しこうらじき)であり、表面(ひょうめん)では柔弱(じゅうじゃく)・無能(むのう)・無用(むよう)・無心(むしん)に見(み)えるが、実際(じっさい)はそうではなく、剛強(ごうきょう)に至(いた)り、無所不為(むしょふい)、大用(たいよう)に至(いた)る途徑(とけい)である。
『易経(えききょう)』の「陰陽(いんよう)」(動静(どうせい)、虚実(きょじつ)、剛柔(ごうじゅう))の変化(へんか)と符合(ふごう)して、練習(れんしゅう)の過程(かてい)の中(なか)で自然(しぜん)に「相生相剋(そうせいそうこく)」が生(しょう)じ、循環往復(じゅんかんおうふく)、周行不殆(しゅうこうふたい)の鬆柔(しょうじゅう)技藝(ぎげい)を形(かたち)づくる。
双搭手黏貼推手法(分解四動)
雙(そう)搭(た)手(しゅ)黏(ねん)貼(ちゃく)推(すい)手(しゅ)法(ほう)(分(ぶん)解(かい)四(し)動(どう))
掤(ほう) → 捋(りょく) → 採(さい) → 按(あん) → 靠(こう) → 掤(ほう) …… 相(そう)生(しょう)相(そう)剋(こく)、循(じゅん)環(かん)往(おう)復(ふく)、周(しゅう)行(こう)不(ふ)殆(たい)。
(一)
甲(こう)(右(みぎ))乙(おつ)(左(ひだり))双(そう)方(ほう)以(もっ)て右(みぎ)掤(ほう)手(しゅ)相(あい)互(たが)いに搭(た)手(しゅ)し、腕(わん)関(かん)節(せつ)互(たが)いに交(こう)叉(さ)黏(ねん)貼(ちゃく)し、左(ひだり)手(しゅ)掌(しょう)黏(ねん)貼(ちゃく)し彼(たが)いの肘(ひじ)関(かん)節(せつ)(図(ず)一(いち)の如(ごと)し)、手(しゅ)臂(ひ)軽(けい)靈(れい)の狀(じょう)態(たい)を保(たも)ち、甲(こう)方(ほう)身(からだ)を以(もっ)て地(ち)面(めん)に対(たい)する反(はん)作(さ)用(よう)力(りょく)に依(よ)り、前(まえ)に按(あん)し進(すす)み、乙(おつ)方(ほう)身(からだ)を以(もっ)て地(ち)面(めん)に対(たい)する反(はん)作(さ)用(よう)力(りょく)に依(よ)り掤(ほう)勢(せい)順(じゅん)勢(せい)に従(したが)い後(あと)に平(たい)退(たい)し、甲(こう)・乙(おつ)の歩(ほ)法(ほう)前(ぜん)弓(きゅう)歩(ほ)と後(こう)坐(ざ)歩(ほ)に至(いた)る(図(ず)二(に)の如(ごと)し)。
(二)
乙(おつ)方(ほう)右(みぎ)腕(わん)関(かん)節(せつ)原(げん)空(くう)位(い)を保(たも)ち、両(りょう)臂(ひ)同(どう)時(じ)に依(したが)い順(じゅん)序(じょ)に肩(かた)を鬆(ゆる)め、肘(ひじ)を墜(おと)し、腕(うで)を鬆(ゆる)め、胸(むね)を含(ふく)み背(せ)を拔(ぬ)き、腰(こし)を鬆(ゆる)め胯(か)を落(お)とし、虚(きょ)実(じつ)を分(わ)かち明(あき)らかにし、捋(りょく)勢(せい)を完(かん)成(せい)す(図(ず)三(さん)の如(ごと)し)。
(三)
乙(おつ)方(ほう)右(みぎ)手(しゅ)甲(こう)方(ほう)右(みぎ)腕(わん)関(かん)節(せつ)に黏(ねん)貼(ちゃく)し、左(ひだり)手(しゅ)肘(ひじ)関(かん)節(せつ)に黏(ねん)貼(ちゃく)し、身(からだ)を右(みぎ)に三十(さんじゅう)〜四十(よんじゅう)五(ご)度(ど)轉(てん)じ、自然(しぜん)に採(さい)勢(せい)を生(しょう)じ、甲(こう)方(ほう)順(じゅん)勢(せい)に従(したが)い靠(こう)勢(せい)を生(しょう)ず(図(ず)四(し)の如(ごと)し)。
(四)
双(そう)方(ほう)身(からだ)を回(かい)正(せい)し甲(こう)方(ほう)掤(ほう)勢(せい)と成(な)り、乙(おつ)方(ほう)双(そう)按(あん)勢(せい)と成(な)る(図(ず)五(ご)の如(ごと)し)。甲(こう)乙(おつ)双(そう)方(ほう)進(しん)退(たい)攻(こう)守(しゅ)互(たが)いに換(か)わり、循(じゅん)環(かん)往(おう)復(ふく)す。
外承接法(分解五動)
外(がい)承(しょう)接(せつ)法(ほう)(分(ぶん)解(かい)五(ご)動(どう))
陰(いん)陽(よう)互(ご)変(へん):依(したが)い順(じゅん)序(じょ)に左(ひだり)手(しゅ)・右(みぎ)手(しゅ)・左(ひだり)手(しゅ)・右(みぎ)手(しゅ)・左(ひだり)手(しゅ)相(あい)互(たが)いに変(へん)換(かん)す。
(一)
(二)
(三)
(四)
(五)
甲(こう)方(ほう)身(からだ)を以(もっ)て地(ち)面(めん)に対(たい)する反(はん)作(さ)用(よう)力(りょく)に依(よ)り、前(まえ)に按(あん)し進(すす)むこと(③)(④)(⑤)の如(ごと)く、循(じゅん)環(かん)往(おう)復(ふく)す。
內承接法(分解八動)
内(ない)承(しょう)接(せつ)法(ほう)(分(ぶん)解(かい)八(はち)動(どう))
(一)
(二)
(三)
(四)
(五)
(六)
(七)
(八)
甲(こう)乙(おつ)双(そう)方(ほう)進(しん)退(たい)攻(こう)守(しゅ)互(たが)いに換(か)わり、循(じゅん)環(かん)往(おう)復(ふく)す。
3.八法推手(分解5動)
(1)甲(こう)乙(おつ)雙方(そうほう)は右掤手(みぎひょうしゅ)を以(もっ)て相互(そうご)に搭手(とうしゅ)し、右腕関節(みぎわんかんせつ)を互(たが)いに交叉黏貼(こうさねんてん)し、左手掌(ひだりてのひら)を互(たが)いの肘関節(ちゅうかんせつ)に黏貼(ねんてん)する(図14の如(ごと)し)。甲方(こうほう)は身体(しんたい)を地面(じめん)に対(たい)する反作用力(はんさようりょく)に藉(よ)り、両手(りょうて)を以(もっ)て前弓歩(ぜんきゅうほ)に双按(そうあん)す。乙方(おつほう)は右掤手(みぎひょうしゅ)を以(もっ)て身体(しんたい)を地面(じめん)に対(たい)する反作用力(はんさようりょく)に藉(よ)り、順勢(じゅんせい)に後平退(こうへいたい)し、左手(ひだりて)は鬆持(しょうじ)を保持(ほじ)し、右手(みぎて)は肩(かた)・肘(ひじ)・腕(うで)などの関節(かんせつ)を鬆持(しょうじ)して胸前(きょうぜん)に置(お)く(図15の如(ごと)し)。
(2)甲方(こうほう)は順勢(じゅんせい)に左(ひだり)に30〜45度(ど)回転(かいてん)して右靠勢(みぎこうせい)を成(な)す。同時(どうじ)に乙方(おつほう)は捋勢(りょくせい)を以(もっ)て右(みぎ)に30〜45度(ど)回転(かいてん)し、左手(ひだりて)を掌(しょう)に成立(せいりつ)させ、左手臂(ひだりしゅひ)は甲方(こうほう)の肘関節(ちゅうかんせつ)に黏貼(ねんてん)する(図16の如(ごと)し)。
(3)甲方(こうほう)は順勢(じゅんせい)に右(みぎ)に30〜45度(ど)回転(かいてん)して正位(せいい)に復帰(ふっき)し、左手(ひだりて)を帶動(たいどう)して擠勢(せきせい)を成(な)す(図示(ずし))。乙方(おつほう)は左肘関節(ひだりちゅうかんせつ)を鬆(ゆる)め、手掌(しゅしょう)を甲方(こうほう)の手掌上方(しゅしょうじょうほう)に黏貼(ねんてん)する(図17の如(ごと)し)。
(4)乙方(おつほう)は右手(みぎて)を以(もっ)て甲方(こうほう)の左手腕関節(ひだりしゅわんかんせつ)を牽採(けんさい)し、次第(しだい)に含胸拔背(がんきょうばつはい)・鬆腰落胯(しょうようらっか)・虚実分明(きょじつぶんめい)を依序(いじょ)に行(おこな)い、同時(どうじ)に左(ひだり)に30〜45度(ど)回転(かいてん)す。右手(みぎて)は沈肩墜肘(ちんけんついちゅう)して肘(ちゅう)・挒(れつ)の両勢(りょうせい)を成(な)す(図18の如(ごと)し)。
(5)乙方(おつほう)は右(みぎ)に30〜45度(ど)回転(かいてん)して沈肩墜肘(ちんけんついちゅう)し、正位(せいい)に復帰(ふっき)して双按勢(そうあんせい)を成(な)す。甲方(こうほう)は乙方(おつほう)の勢(せい)に随(したが)い左掤勢(ひだりひょうせい)を成(な)す(図19の如(ごと)し)。
乙方(おつほう)は身体(しんたい)を地面(じめん)に対(たい)する反作用力(はんさようりょく)に藉(よ)り、順勢(じゅんせい)に前方(ぜんぽう)へ按進(あんしん)す。上述(じょうじゅつ)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)の如(ごと)く循環往復(じゅんかんおうふく)す。
Cross Hands (Shí Zì Shǒu)
Cross Hands
(Shí Zì Shǒu)
- Clear weight shift
during turn; hands and feet complete movement together.
Functional Patterns
Functional Patterns
“Functional Patterns” is a modern training system developed by Naudi Aguilar. It focuses on correcting posture, improving gait (walking/running mechanics), and training movements in relation to how the body is designed to move in real life (standing, walking, running, throwing). At first glance it may seem very different from Tai Chi, but there are interesting overlaps:
1. Posture and Alignment
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Functional Patterns emphasizes correcting spinal alignment, pelvis orientation, and shoulder positioning.
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Tai Chi likewise stresses 中正安舒 (upright, balanced, and relaxed posture). Both aim for efficient structure so force can travel through the body without blockage.
2. Gait and Whole-Body Integration
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In Functional Patterns, training the gait cycle (hip rotation, thoracic rotation, contralateral movement) is central.
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In Tai Chi, stepping and weight-shifting also train coordinated gait, emphasizing rootedness, smooth transfer of weight, and whole-body connectedness.
3. Fascia and Elastic Recoil
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Functional Patterns works a lot with fascial lines, training elastic recoil and spring mechanics.
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Tai Chi speaks of 絲絲入扣 (“threading through like silk”) and 彈性勁 (elastic energy), where movements are continuous and power comes from springlike fascia tension rather than isolated muscles.
4. Breathing and Internal Pressure
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Functional Patterns often uses breathing mechanics to stabilize the core during dynamic movement.
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Tai Chi integrates 逆腹式呼吸 (reverse abdominal breathing) and 丹田 (dantian) expansion/contraction for stability and energy flow.
5. Efficiency and Injury Prevention
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Both aim to remove compensations, reduce joint strain, and promote longevity in movement.
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Functional Patterns frames this in biomechanics; Tai Chi frames it in terms of 鬆 (song, relaxation) and natural flow.
👉 In short: Functional Patterns gives a biomechanical, modern-science explanation of what Tai Chi masters developed experientially. They both train the body as an integrated system rather than isolating muscles.
let’s map Functional Patterns principles to Tai Chi Classics with as many authentic quotes as possible. This way you can see how modern biomechanics resonates with traditional language.
1. Posture and Structural Alignment
Functional Patterns: Upright spine, pelvis in neutral, shoulders set, joints stacked for efficient force transfer.
Tai Chi Classics:
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「立如平準,活似車輪。」(Stand like a balanced scale, move like a turning wheel.)
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「頂勁提起,氣沉丹田。」(The crown is lifted, qi sinks to the dantian.)
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「身體要中正安舒,支撐於兩足之間。」(The body must be upright, balanced, and comfortable, supported evenly by both feet.)
2. Gait, Rotation, and Contralateral Coordination
Functional Patterns: Training contralateral movement patterns (right arm with left leg, left arm with right leg) to optimize gait cycle.
Tai Chi Classics:
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「尾閭中正,神貫於頂。」(The tailbone is centered and upright, the spirit threads through the crown.) → spine alignment during stepping.
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「運勁如抽絲。」(Move energy like drawing silk.) → smooth, continuous stepping and weight-shifting.
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「一動無有不動,一靜無有不靜。」(When one part moves, all parts move; when one part is still, all are still.) → gait is integrated, not fragmented.
3. Fascia, Elastic Recoil, and Whole-Body Connectivity
Functional Patterns: Use fascial tension and release (like a bowstring) instead of brute muscular force.
Tai Chi Classics:
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「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於手指。」(The root is in the feet, it is issued through the legs, controlled by the waist, and expressed through the fingers.)
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「上下相隨,其根在腰。」(Upper and lower follow each other, with the waist as the root.)
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「力由脊發,步隨身換。」(Power issues from the spine, steps change with the body.)
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「蓄勁如張弓,發勁如放箭。」(Store energy like drawing a bow, release it like shooting an arrow.) → exactly elastic recoil.
4. Core, Breathing, and Pressure Management
Functional Patterns: Diaphragmatic breathing stabilizes core, creates intra-abdominal pressure, integrates breath with movement.
Tai Chi Classics:
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「以心行氣,務令沉著,乃能收歛入骨。」(Use the mind to move the qi, sink it deeply, so it gathers into the bones.)
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「氣如車輪,周身無滯。」(Qi is like a wheel, circulating without obstruction.)
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「虛靈頂勁,氣沉丹田。」(Maintain emptiness and spirit at the crown, let qi sink to the dantian.)
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「氣宜鼓盪,神宜內斂。」(Qi should be full and stirring, spirit should be contained within.)
5. Efficiency, Relaxation, and Injury Prevention
Functional Patterns: Eliminate compensation, minimize stress on joints, prioritize efficiency over brute strength.
Tai Chi Classics:
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「舍己從人,不丟不頂。」(Abandon your own force and follow the opponent, neither resisting nor collapsing.) → avoiding tension or collapse.
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「一羽不能加,蠅蟲不能落。」(A feather cannot be added, a fly cannot land.) → absolute balance and sensitivity, no excess force.
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「鬆柔在先,能久能長。」(Relaxation and softness come first; thus one can endure and last long.)
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「用意不用力。」(Use intention, not force.)
✅ So you can say: Functional Patterns “biomechanics” is what the Tai Chi Classics describe poetically.
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Alignment = 「立如平準」
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Gait & contralateral = 「一動無有不動」
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Fascia recoil = 「蓄勁如張弓,發勁如放箭」
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Core & breath = 「氣沉丹田」
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Efficiency = 「用意不用力」
Perfect — here’s a side-by-side comparison chart of Functional Patterns principles with Tai Chi Classics quotes. I’ve kept it clear and structured so you can use it directly in teaching or slides:
Functional Patterns ↔ Tai Chi Classics
Functional Patterns Principle Tai Chi Classics Quote Explanation / Connection Posture & Alignment Upright spine, pelvis neutral, shoulders set 「立如平準,活似車輪。」 (Stand like a balanced scale, move like a turning wheel.)「頂勁提起,氣沉丹田。」 (The crown is lifted, qi sinks to the dantian.) Both stress balanced posture, rooted below and light above. Gait & Contralateral Movement Train natural walking mechanics, left–right integration 「一動無有不動,一靜無有不靜。」 (When one part moves, all move; when one part is still, all are still.)「運勁如抽絲。」 (Move energy like drawing silk.) Smooth, whole-body coordination mirrors contralateral gait cycle. Fascia & Elastic Recoil Store and release energy like a bowstring 「蓄勁如張弓,發勁如放箭。」 (Store energy like drawing a bow, release it like shooting an arrow.)「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於手指。」 (Root in the feet, issue through the legs, control at the waist, expressed in the fingers.) Tai Chi power is elastic, spring-like, rather than muscular. Core & Breathing Intra-abdominal pressure stabilizes movement 「虛靈頂勁,氣沉丹田。」 (Maintain emptiness at the crown, let qi sink to the dantian.)「以心行氣,務令沉著,乃能收歛入骨。」 (Use the mind to guide qi, sink it deeply, so it gathers into the bones.) Breath and dantian drive movement efficiency and stability. Efficiency & Injury Prevention Remove compensations, avoid unnecessary tension 「用意不用力。」 (Use intention, not brute force.)「舍己從人,不丟不頂。」 (Abandon your own force and follow the opponent, neither resisting nor collapsing.)「一羽不能加,蠅蟲不能落。」 (A feather cannot be added, a fly cannot land.) Both avoid excess strength, focusing on relaxation and efficiency. 👉 This format shows Functional Patterns as biomechanics in modern terms, and Tai Chi Classics as poetry for the same principles.
收臀鬆腰法
收臀鬆腰法
宋志堅老師言:「收臀必鬆腰,鬆腰腹內鬆,腹鬆則氣沉丹田,斂入脊骨」。
把尾閭收起來,配合單腿支撐身體重量,可以強壯大腿的股四頭肌,同時腰背以上部位保持放鬆。則身體的氣就會往下沉,氣下沉可以維持身體的平衡與穩定,也可以避免心浮氣躁。
要點是兩腿虛實交互練習,單腿時間維持在30秒以上,可以促進氣血的運行。因為氣血是被動的隨兩腿之間的虛實轉換而運行,如同水的流動是隨著地形的高低起伏而動的,而水是被動的,是柔軟的,沒有企圖心,沒有執著,沒有堅持,水無孔不入。
氣的特性如同水,會隨著身體虛實、動靜、剛柔的轉換自然的運行,不只存在於在丹田部位,也會遍佈周身,丹田是身體保持平衡的中心部位 ,當我們收尾閭時,好像把氣集中在丹田。又當身體的平衡受到威脅時,身體會自然下沉,而丹田是穩定身體平衡的樞紐部位,其功能會立即啟動,感覺好像氣凝聚在丹田,我們稱這種現象叫氣沉丹田。
By tucking the tailbone and supporting the body’s weight on one
leg, the quadriceps are strengthened while the areas above the waist and back
remain relaxed. This allows the body’s qi to sink downward. Sinking qi helps
maintain physical balance and stability while also preventing restlessness and
irritability.
The key is to practice shifting between empty and full stances
in both legs alternately. Holding the single-leg stance for more than 30
seconds can promote the flow of qi and blood. This is because qi and blood move
passively in response to the transition between empty and full states in the
legs — much like water flows according to the rise and fall of the land. Water
is passive, soft, without intention, without attachment, without insistence. It
permeates every opening.
The nature of qi is like water: it moves naturally in accordance
with the body’s shifts between emptiness and fullness, motion and stillness,
hardness and softness. It exists not only in the dantian but throughout the
entire body. The dantian is the central area that maintains the body’s balance.
When we tuck the tailbone, it is as though qi is gathered in the dantian. And
when the body’s balance is threatened, the body naturally sinks. The dantian,
being the pivotal area for stabilizing balance, activates immediately. This
sensation is what we call “qi
sinking into the dantian.”
Method of Tucking the Hips and Relaxing the Waist
Master Song Zhijian said:
“Tucking the hips requires relaxing the waist. When the waist relaxes, the abdomen loosens. When the abdomen loosens, qi sinks into the dantian and gathers into the spine.”
By tucking in the tailbone and letting one leg support the body’s weight, the quadriceps are strengthened while the area above the waist and back remains relaxed. This allows qi in the body to sink downward. When qi descends, it helps maintain balance and stability, while also preventing restlessness and agitation.
The key is to practice alternating the empty and full states of the two legs. Hold each single-leg stance for more than 30 seconds to promote the circulation of qi and blood. Qi and blood move passively with the shifting between emptiness and fullness in the legs, just as water flows according to the rise and fall of the land. Water is passive, soft, without intention, without attachment, without insistence, and it penetrates everywhere.
The nature of qi is like water: it flows naturally with the body’s transitions between emptiness and fullness, movement and stillness, hardness and softness. Qi is not confined to the dantian but spreads throughout the whole body. The dantian, however, is the central point that maintains balance. When we tuck in the tailbone, it feels as though qi is being gathered into the dantian. And when the body’s balance is threatened, the body naturally sinks downward, activating the stabilizing function of the dantian. This sensation is what we call “qi sinking into the dantian” (氣沉丹田).
日文
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