Taijiquan 13-Posture Routine(太極拳十三式)
0. Commencing Form(起勢)
Facing 12 o'clock(面向12點鐘方向)
1. Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, Ji, An)(右攬雀尾:掤、捋、擠、按)
Facing 12 o'clock(12點鐘方向)
2. Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, Ji, An)(左攬雀尾:掤、捋、擠、按)
Facing 6 o'clock(6點鐘方向)
3. Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, Ji, An)(右攬雀尾:掤、捋、擠、按)
Facing 9 o'clock(9點鐘方向)
4. Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, Ji, An)(左攬雀尾:掤、捋、擠、按)
Facing 3 o'clock(3點鐘方向)
5. Right Dragon Turns Its Head (Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao)(右龍回頭:採、挒、肘、靠)
Facing 4:30(4點半方向)
6. Step Back into Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, An, Ji)(退步右攬雀尾:掤、捋、按、擠)
Facing 4:30(4點半方向)
7. Left Dragon Turns Its Head (Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao)(左龍回頭:採、挒、肘、靠)
Facing 10:30(10點半方向)
8. Step Back into Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, An, Ji)(退步左攬雀尾:掤、捋、按、擠)
Facing 10:30(10點半方向)
9. Right Dragon Turns Its Head (Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao)(右龍回頭:採、挒、肘、靠)
Facing 1:30(1點半方向)
10. Step Back into Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, An, Ji)(退步右攬雀尾:掤、捋、按、擠)
Facing 1:30(1點半方向)
11. Left Dragon Turns Its Head (Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao)(左龍回頭:採、挒、肘、靠)
Facing 7:30(7點半方向)
12. Step Back into Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (Peng, Lü, An, Ji)(退步左攬雀尾:掤、捋、按、擠)
Facing 7:30(7點半方向)
13. Closing Form – Taiji Beauty Hands(收勢:太極拳美人手)
Facing 12 o'clock(12點鐘方向)
Eight Energies(八法)
- Peng(掤) – Ward-off(掤勁)
- Lü(捋) – Roll-back(捋勁)
- Ji(擠) – Press(擠勁)
- An(按) – Push(按勁)
- Cai(採) – Pluck(採勁)
- Lie(挒) – Split(挒勁)
- Zhou(肘) – Elbow Stroke(肘法)
- Kao(靠) – Shoulder Stroke / Body Bump(靠法)
註: 若是作為國際教材,我建議將最後的**「太極拳美人手」**譯為 Taiji Beauty Hands。若希望更具武術意境,也可譯為 Taiji Graceful Hands,但若此名稱已是世界太極拳總會(WTCCF)指定套路的正式名稱,建議維持 Taiji Beauty Hands 以保持一致性。
很好,我建議我們把它做成正式英文教材,而不是逐字翻譯。由於你的原稿超過一萬字,已遠超過一次回覆的長度限制,我會分章節整理,每一章保持統一的英文術語、關鍵字與國際教材風格。以下是第一章:總則與教學原則。
WTCCF Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan Instructor's Manual
Chapter 1 – General Principles and Command Terminology
國際太極拳聯盟總會《太極拳十三式教練手冊》
第一章 基本原則與口令說明
1. Verbal Commands(口令)
All commands are expressed as verbs (動詞), describing an action rather than a position.
For example, "Left Embrace" (左抱) means to move the left hand into the Left Embrace position, creating a left Yang hand (左陽手). It does not mean "holding on the left side."
Likewise, Right Embrace (右抱) and Left Embrace (左抱) always include drawing in the corresponding foot. The movement of the hands and feet should be synchronized as much as possible.
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Verbal Command(口令)
- Verb(動詞)
- Left Embrace(左抱)
- Right Embrace(右抱)
- Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
- Synchronization(手腳同步)
2. Foot Pivoting(扣腳、撇腳、碾腳)
Unless specifically stated otherwise, Hook Foot (扣腳) and Toe-Out Pivot (撇腳) always refer to the front foot (前腳).
Only two exceptions exist:
- Peng after entering Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail (左攬雀尾掤) after the 180-degree turn.
- Cai in Left Dragon Turns Its Head (左龍回頭採).
In these cases, the command refers to the rear foot (後腳).
Unless otherwise specified:
- Hook Foot (扣腳) means turning the toes inward.
- Toe-Out Pivot (撇腳) means turning the toes outward.
Only the command:
"Step Back, Join the Hands, Pivot the Heel Outward" (退步搭手,撇腳跟)
refers specifically to the heel (腳跟) instead of the toes.
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Hook Foot(扣腳)
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- Heel Pivot(撇腳跟)
- Front Foot(前腳)
- Rear Foot(後腳)
- Pivot(碾腳/旋轉)
3. Foot Adjustment before Peng(上掤前調整)
If the front foot has not reached the correct position before performing Peng (掤), a slight Toe-Out Pivot (撇腳) may be performed while sitting back.
This adjustment allows:
- Correct body alignment.
- Proper facing direction.
- Better stability before issuing Peng.
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Peng(掤)
- Sit Back(後座)
- Body Alignment(身體排列)
- Stability(穩定)
- Foot Adjustment(腳步調整)
4. Turning(轉向)
The commands Turn Left (左轉) and Turn Right (右轉) refer specifically to a 90-degree body rotation while maintaining the Yin–Yang Hands (陰陽手).
All other larger rotations are called:
Body Rotation (轉體).
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Turn Left(左轉)
- Turn Right(右轉)
- Body Rotation(轉體)
- Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
5. Viewing the Demonstration(觀看示範)
When studying the demonstration video, pay particular attention to:
- the direction of the front foot (前腳), and
- the arrow indicating the facing direction (箭頭方向).
These two should generally point in the same direction.
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Facing Direction(面向)
- Front Foot(前腳)
- Direction Arrow(方向箭頭)
6. Sitting Back before Peng(上掤前的後座)
The brief Sit Back (後座) before Peng serves mainly as a buffering movement (緩衝動作).
It is not necessary to perform a complete or exaggerated sitting-back posture.
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Sit Back(後座)
- Buffering Movement(緩衝)
- Peng(掤)
7. T-Stance(丁字步)
This routine belongs to the Small Frame Taijiquan (小架太極拳).
When standing squarely, the feet form a T-Stance (丁字步).
The standard angle is approximately 22.5 degrees.
The angle is adjusted primarily by:
- Hook Foot (扣腳)
- Toe-Out Pivot (撇腳)
rather than by pushing the heel, as commonly seen in the Simplified 24-Form Taijiquan.
The only exception is:
"Step Back, Join the Hands, Pivot the Heel Outward" (退步搭手,撇腳跟)
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Small Frame Taijiquan(小架太極拳)
- T-Stance(丁字步)
- Hook Foot(扣腳)
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- Heel Pivot(撇腳跟)
- 22.5 Degrees(22.5度)
8. Command Layout(口令格式)
The instructional materials use three levels of text:
- Large Font – Spoken Commands(口令)
- Medium Font – Movement Explanation(動作說明)
- Small Font – Instructor's Notes(註解)
This format allows instructors to distinguish between verbal commands and technical explanations during teaching.
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Spoken Command(口令)
- Movement Explanation(動作說明)
- Instructor's Notes(教學註解)
我建議將這份教材統一採用這種格式。後續我會依序整理:
- Preparation Form(預備勢、起勢)
- Right & Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(左右攬雀尾)
- Right & Left Dragon Turns Its Head(左右龍回頭)
- Thirteen Forms(十三式)
- Technical Theory(功理)
- Martial Applications(技擊)
- Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
整本教材的英文術語將保持完全一致,符合國際教學與出版標準。
WTCCF Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan Instructor's Manual
Chapter 2 – Preparation Form and Commencing Form
國際太極拳聯盟總會《太極拳十三式教練手冊》
第二章 預備勢與起勢(中英對照)
Form 0A – Preparation Form(預備勢)
Purpose(目的)
The Preparation Form establishes the three essential adjustments before practice:
- Body Adjustment(調身)
- Breath Regulation(調息)
- Mind Regulation(調心)
These three elements create the foundation for Song (鬆), Rooting (落根), and Whole-body Integration (整體發力).
Command Sequence(口令)
Adjust the Body(調身)
↓
Regulate the Breath(調息)
↓
Calm the Mind(調心)
Technical Requirements(動作要求)
Stand naturally with:
- Feet shoulder-width apart(雙腳與肩同寬)
- Knees slightly bent(膝微彎)
- Spine naturally upright(脊柱自然豎直)
- Head suspended as if lifted(虛領頂勁)
- Shoulders relaxed(鬆肩)
- Elbows naturally dropped(墜肘)
- Chest relaxed(含胸)
- Back rounded naturally(拔背)
- Waist relaxed(鬆腰)
- Kua relaxed(鬆胯)
The eyes look naturally forward.
The breathing becomes quiet and natural.
The mind gradually settles.
Key Principles(要領)
Do not force relaxation.
Do not deliberately control breathing.
Allow the body to become naturally balanced.
Movement begins only after internal calm has been established.
Keywords(關鍵字)
Preparation Form(預備勢)
Adjust the Body(調身)
Regulate the Breath(調息)
Calm the Mind(調心)
Natural Standing(自然站立)
Relaxation(鬆)
Rooting(落根)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Form 0B – Commencing Form(起勢)
Facing 12 o'clock(十二點鐘方向)
Command Sequence(口令)
Sink the Body(沉身)
↓
Root the Left Heel(定左腳跟)
↓
Turn Left 30 Degrees while Pivoting on the Right Foot(左轉30°,碾右腳)
↓
Bring the Hands Together(併手)
↓
Return to Center(回正)
↓
Root the Right Heel(定右腳跟)
↓
Pivot on the Left Foot(碾左腳)
↓
Step Left(開左步)
↓
Open Both Arms while Rising(雙手拉開,同時起身)
↓
Root Both Feet(定雙腳跟)
↓
Sink the Body(沉身)
↓
Raise Both Arms Horizontally(平舉)
↓
Rise Slightly(升身)
↓
Sink the Elbows(墜肘)
↓
Press Down while Sinking(下按,同時沉身)
↓
Pivot the Left Foot Outward into a T-Stance(撇左腳,成丁字步)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
↓
Raise the Right Empty Stance(上右虛步)
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Sink the Body(沉身)
Relax the hips, knees, and ankles simultaneously.
Allow the body weight to settle naturally into both feet.
Do not lean forward or backward.
Root the Heel(定腳跟)
Establish firm contact between the heels and the ground.
The heels provide the initial rooting before rotation begins.
Pivot(碾腳)
Rotate the body by pivoting through the supporting foot.
The rotation originates from the Waist(腰) and Kua(胯), not from twisting the knee.
Open Step(開步)
Step naturally to shoulder width.
The body rises slightly as both arms open outward.
Avoid lifting the shoulders.
Horizontal Lift(平舉)
Raise both hands to shoulder height.
The elbows remain rounded.
The wrists stay relaxed.
The fingers extend naturally.
Sink the Elbows(墜肘)
Allow the elbows to drop naturally.
Do not intentionally pull them downward.
Relaxation creates structural connection.
Press Down(下按)
The palms descend together with the body.
The downward movement is produced by sinking through the legs rather than pushing with the arms.
Left Toe-Out Pivot(撇左腳)
Turn the left toes outward to approximately 22.5 degrees, forming a T-Stance(丁字步).
The body turns simultaneously to match the direction of the front foot.
Right Embrace(右抱)
Bring the hands into the Right Embrace position.
The hands and feet arrive simultaneously.
The waist follows the leading right hand.
Right Empty Stance(上右虛步)
Lightly place the right toes on the ground.
The heel remains raised.
Approximately ninety percent of the body weight stays on the supporting leg.
Teaching Points(教學重點)
The entire Commencing Form should appear smooth and continuous.
There should be no pauses between commands.
Every movement begins from the legs, is directed by the waist, and finishes through the hands.
Maintain synchronized movement of:
- Hands and feet(手腳同步)
- Waist and hips(腰胯一致)
- Breathing and movement(呼吸與動作一致)
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Lifting the shoulders(聳肩)
The shoulders should remain relaxed throughout.
Straightening the knees(膝蓋打直)
Keep slight flexion in both knees.
Twisting the knees during pivoting(扭膝)
Rotation should come from the hips and waist.
Moving the arms independently(手先動)
The waist initiates every movement.
The hands merely follow.
Raising the empty foot too high(虛步抬腳過高)
Only the toes lightly touch the floor.
The movement should remain subtle.
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
The Commencing Form gradually activates the body's kinetic chain(動力鏈).
The sequence is:
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
↓
Feet(腳)
↓
Legs(腿)
↓
Kua(胯)
↓
Waist(腰)
↓
Spine(脊柱)
↓
Shoulders(肩)
↓
Arms(手臂)
↓
Hands(雙手)
Every movement originates from the lower body rather than the upper limbs.
Tai Chi Classics(拳論依據)
"The root is in the feet, issuing through the legs, controlled by the waist, and expressed through the fingers."
其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於手指。
"When one part moves, every part moves."
一動無有不動。
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Preparation Form(預備勢)
- Commencing Form(起勢)
- Sink the Body(沉身)
- Root the Heel(定腳跟)
- Pivot(碾腳)
- Open Step(開步)
- Raise Both Arms Horizontally(平舉)
- Sink the Elbows(墜肘)
- Press Down(下按)
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- T-Stance(丁字步)
- Right Embrace(右抱)
- Right Empty Stance(右虛步)
- Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
- Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
- Waist Rotation(腰旋)
- Rooting(落根)
很好,我建議第三章開始,不只是翻譯,而是完全採用**國際教練手冊(Instructor's Manual)**的格式。以下是正式版本。
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WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 3
Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(右攬雀尾)
Facing 12 O'clock(十二點鐘方向)
Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail is the fundamental movement of Taijiquan. It embodies the first Four Primary Energies (四正勁):
Peng(掤)— Ward-off Energy(掤勁)
Lü(捋)— Roll-back Energy(捋勁)
Ji(擠)— Pressing Energy(擠勁)
An(按)— Pushing Energy(按勁)
These four energies establish the structural foundation of Taijiquan.
---
Command Sequence(口令)
Peng(掤)
↓
Lü(捋)
↓
Ji(擠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
An(按)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Turn Left 90 Degrees(左轉90°)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Body Rotation(轉體)
↓
Step Forward(上步)
↓
Bow Stance(弓步)
↓
Hook the Rear Foot Inward(扣後腳)
↓
Peng(掤)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Peng(掤)
Raise the right forearm into a rounded Ward-off structure.
The right palm rises to chest level.
The left hand naturally settles beside the left kua.
The body weight gradually shifts onto the front leg.
The waist rotates until the torso faces the intended direction.
Keywords(關鍵字)
Peng(掤)
Ward-off Energy(掤勁)
Whole-body Expansion(整體膨脹)
Rooting(落根)
---
Lü(捋)
Sit back.
Rotate the waist.
Lead the opponent's force diagonally downward.
The right palm rotates clockwise.
The left palm turns upward.
Both hands draw together toward the lower abdomen.
Keywords
Lü(捋)
Roll-back Energy(捋勁)
Leading Energy(引化)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
---
Ji(擠)
Rotate both forearms into a circular path.
Press forward while shifting into Bow Stance.
The force is generated from the rear leg.
The waist directs the movement.
The hands merely transmit the energy.
Keywords
Ji(擠)
Pressing Energy(擠勁)
Bow Stance(弓步)
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
---
Sit Back(後座)
Relax the hips.
Shift the weight toward the rear leg.
Do not withdraw the hands.
The body retreats beneath the hands.
Keywords
Sit Back(後座)
Weight Shift(重心轉換)
Relax the Kua(鬆胯)
---
An(按)
Without changing the position of the hands,
move the body forward.
The force originates from the legs.
The palms simply connect the force.
Avoid pushing only with the arms.
Keywords
An(按)
Pushing Energy(按勁)
Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
---
Hook the Front Foot(扣前腳)
Turn the front toes inward.
Approximately forty-five degrees.
Maintain full contact with the ground.
The purpose is not changing direction,
but storing rotational energy.
Keywords
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Energy Storage(蓄勁)
Closing the Kua(合胯)
---
Left Embrace(左抱)
The left hand becomes Yang.
The hands rotate simultaneously.
The waist follows the leading hand.
The left foot withdraws simultaneously.
Hands and feet arrive together.
Keywords
Left Embrace(左抱)
Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
Synchronization(手腳同步)
---
Body Rotation(轉體)
The waist performs the rotation.
The shoulders remain relaxed.
The hips and shoulders rotate together.
The knees do not twist.
Keywords
Body Rotation(轉體)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
Whole-body Rotation(整體旋轉)
---
Step Forward(上步)
Step naturally.
The foot lands heel first.
Transfer weight smoothly.
Maintain upright posture.
Keywords
Step Forward(上步)
Heel Contact(腳跟著地)
Weight Transfer(重心轉移)
---
Bow Stance(弓步)
Approximately:
Front leg
70%
Rear leg
30%
The knee aligns with the toes.
The pelvis remains centered.
Keywords
Bow Stance(弓步)
70/30 Weight Distribution(七三重心)
Centerline(中線)
---
Martial Applications(技擊)
Peng(掤)
Neutralize incoming force while expanding outward.
Use structural support instead of muscular force.
(以整體結構化解並撐開來力。)
---
Lü(捋)
Guide the opponent's force diagonally downward.
Never pull directly backward.
(順勢引化,不可硬拉。)
---
Ji(擠)
Compress the opponent's centerline.
Issue force from the rear leg.
(由後腿發力,壓迫中線。)
---
An(按)
Project the entire body forward.
Do not rely solely on arm strength.
(整體前送,而非雙手推人。)
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Peng
Natural inhalation.
(自然吸氣。)
Lü
Continue inhalation or remain natural.
(自然續吸。)
Ji
Exhale naturally while issuing force.
(自然呼氣。)
An
Continue exhalation.
Sink the qi into the dantian.
(續呼,氣沉丹田。)
Never hold the breath.
(不可憋氣。)
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail demonstrates one complete kinetic chain.
Ground Reaction Force
(地面反作用力)
↓
Rooting
(落根)
↓
Leg Drive
(腿部發力)
↓
Kua Rotation
(胯旋)
↓
Waist Rotation
(腰旋)
↓
Spinal Transmission
(脊柱傳導)
↓
Shoulder Relaxation
(鬆肩)
↓
Arm Connection
(手臂連接)
↓
Palm Expression
(掌勁表現)
This sequence reflects the classical principle:
"The root is in the feet, issuing through the legs, controlled by the waist, and expressed through the fingers."
「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於手指。」
---
Instructor's Notes(教學提示)
1. Peng(掤) is an expanding structure, not an arm lift.(掤不是抬手,而是整體撐勁。)
2. Lü(捋) follows the opponent's force rather than resisting it.(捋是引化,不是拉扯。)
3. Ji(擠) comes from the legs and waist, not from pushing with the hands.(擠由腿腰發勁,不是手推。)
4. An(按) projects the whole body forward while maintaining root.(按是整體前送,根不能浮。)
5. Every movement begins in the feet, is directed by the waist, and is completed through the hands.(一切動作皆根於腳、主宰於腰、形於手。)
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這種格式將成為全書的標準格式。第四章(左攬雀尾)開始,我會加入Footwork Analysis(腳法分析)、Fa Jin(發勁)、Breathing(呼吸)及Common Errors(常見錯誤),使其達到國際教練教材的出版水準。
很好,從第四章開始,我建議不再重複第三章的細節,而是著重於左右互換的原理(Mirror Principle),讓教材更符合國際教練教材的寫法。
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WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 4
Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(左攬雀尾)
Facing 6 O'Clock(面向六點鐘方向)
Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail is the mirror image of Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail. It develops bilateral coordination, symmetrical body mechanics, and the ability to issue Jin equally on both sides.
左攬雀尾是右攬雀尾的鏡像動作,用以培養左右均衡、整體協調,以及雙側均能發勁的能力。
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Command Sequence(口令)
Peng(掤)
↓
Lü(捋)
↓
Ji(擠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
An(按)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Hook the Left Foot Inward(扣左腳)
↓
Turn Right 90 Degrees(右轉90°)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Peng(掤)
The left hand becomes the leading hand (Yang Hand), while the right hand supports the structure.
Shift the body weight onto the left leg and rotate the waist until the body faces the target direction.
左手為主導(陽手),右手配合形成掤勁。重心移向左腿,以腰帶身轉向目標方向。
Keywords(關鍵字)
Left Peng(左掤)
Ward-off Energy(掤勁)
Yang Hand(陽手)
Whole-body Expansion(整體膨脹)
---
Lü(捋)
Rotate the left palm counterclockwise while the right palm turns upward.
Guide the opponent diagonally downward toward the right side as the body sits back.
左掌逆時針翻轉,右掌上托,配合後座將對方力量引向右下方。
Keywords
Lü(捋)
Roll-back Energy(捋勁)
Neutralization(引化)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
---
Ji(擠)
Both forearms follow a counterclockwise circular path.
Press forward as the weight shifts into the left Bow Stance.
Power originates from the rear leg and is transmitted through the waist.
雙手逆時針畫圓,在左弓步時向前擠。力量由後腿經腰傳至雙手。
Keywords
Ji(擠)
Pressing Energy(擠勁)
Counterclockwise Circle(逆時針畫圓)
Bow Stance(弓步)
---
An(按)
Maintain the position of both palms while the body advances.
Do not push with the shoulders or arms.
Allow the body mass to project naturally forward.
保持雙掌位置,身體前送,不可以肩推手,也不可用手臂用力。
Keywords
An(按)
Pushing Energy(按勁)
Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
---
Right Embrace(右抱)
The waist follows the right hand.
The left foot withdraws naturally.
Hands, waist, and feet move as one integrated unit.
腰隨右手轉動,左腳自然收回,手、腰、腳同步完成。
Keywords
Right Embrace(右抱)
Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
Synchronization(同步)
---
Martial Applications(技擊應用)
Peng(掤)
Deflect the opponent's incoming force upward and outward while maintaining structural integrity.
以整體結構向上、向外化解來力。
---
Lü(捋)
Lead the opponent off balance by following the incoming force rather than resisting it.
順勢引化,使對方失去平衡,而非硬抗。
---
Ji(擠)
Compress the opponent's centerline with unified body power.
整體向前擠壓對方中線。
---
An(按)
Project the body's mass forward to uproot the opponent.
利用整體重心前送,使對方失根。
---
Footwork Analysis(腳法分析)
The left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail emphasizes Rooting (落根) and Smooth Weight Transfer (平順重心轉移).
The front foot should remain stable during Peng, Lü, Ji, and An.
The Hook Foot (扣腳) before turning prepares the body for the next transition by:
Closing the kua(合胯)
Storing elastic energy(蓄勁)
Maintaining the T-Stance alignment(保持丁字步)
Avoid excessive foot movement.
The feet should adjust only as much as necessary to preserve balance and whole-body connection.
左攬雀尾重視落根與平順的重心轉換。轉體前扣腳的目的,在於合胯、蓄勁及保持丁字步結構,而非刻意大幅轉腳。
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Peng(掤) — Inhale naturally(自然吸氣)
Lü(捋) — Continue natural breathing(自然續氣)
Ji(擠) — Exhale smoothly while issuing Jin(自然呼氣發勁)
An(按) — Continue exhalation and sink the qi(續呼,氣沉丹田)
Never hold the breath.
切勿憋氣,呼吸應與動作自然協調。
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Leaning Forward(身體前傾)
The body should advance as one unit.
Do not bend from the waist.
應整體前送,不可折腰前傾。
---
Using Arm Strength(只用手力)
Power must originate from the legs and waist.
發勁來自腿與腰,而非手臂。
---
Twisting the Knees(扭膝)
Foot pivots should be driven by the hips and waist.
Never force the knees to rotate.
轉腳應由腰胯帶動,不可扭轉膝關節。
---
Losing Root(浮根)
Maintain full contact with the supporting foot throughout the movement.
支撐腳應始終穩固接地,不可浮根。
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "When the upper body moves, the lower body follows; when the lower body moves, the upper body responds."
「上下相隨。」
> "Adapt to the opponent's changes, and marvelous skill naturally appears."
「因敵變化示神奇。」
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(左攬雀尾)
Peng(掤)
Lü(捋)
Ji(擠)
An(按)
Left Yang Hand(左陽手)
Right Embrace(右抱)
Sit Back(後座)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Bow Stance(弓步)
Rooting(落根)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Weight Transfer(重心轉移)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
---
**建議:第五章開始(右龍回頭:採、挒、肘、靠),我會改用新的編排方式,加入Application(技擊)→ Footwork(腳法)→ Fa Jin(發勁)→ Breathing(呼吸)→ Biomechanics(生物力學)→ Tai Chi Classics(拳論)**六個小節,讓整本教材更具國際教練手冊的專業水準,而不是只是左右動作的鏡像說明。
很好,從第五章開始,我建議採用國際教科書的寫法,不只是翻譯,而是加入Eight Energies(八勁)、Five Steps(五步)、Biomechanics(運動生物力學)及Martial Applications(技擊),讓教材達到 WTCCF 官方教材的水準。
---
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 5
Right Dragon Turns Its Head(右龍回頭)
Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao(採、挒、肘、靠)
Facing 4:30 Direction(面向四點半方向,東南角)
Right Dragon Turns Its Head introduces the Four Corner Energies (四隅勁) of Taijiquan:
Cai(採)— Plucking Energy(採勁)
Lie(挒)— Splitting Energy(挒勁)
Zhou(肘)— Elbow Energy(肘勁)
Kao(靠)— Shoulder Stroke(靠勁)
Unlike Grasp the Sparrow's Tail, which emphasizes the Four Primary Energies (四正勁), Dragon Turns Its Head develops spiral power, close-range striking, and whole-body projection.
不同於攬雀尾著重四正勁,龍回頭主要訓練四隅勁、螺旋勁、近身發勁及整體靠勁。
---
Command Sequence(口令)
Cai(採)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot of the Front Foot(前腳撇腳)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Lie(挒)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot of the Front Foot(前腳撇腳)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
↓
Zhou(肘)
↓
Kao(靠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Raise Peng(上掤)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Cai(採)
Sink the body slightly while shifting the weight forward.
The leading hand plucks diagonally downward approximately 45 degrees.
The supporting hand settles near the lower abdomen.
The movement is driven by the rotation of the waist rather than the arm.
身體微沉,重心略向前,主導手沿四十五度向下採勁,另一手自然護丹田。採勁由腰帶手,而非手拉。
Keywords(關鍵字)
Cai(採)
Plucking Energy(採勁)
Spiral Force(螺旋勁)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
Whole-body Power(整體發力)
---
Lie(挒)
Step into the Bow Stance.
The leading hand receives the opponent's elbow while the rear hand presses downward on the wrist.
The two hands create opposite spiral forces.
前手接對方肘部,後手壓制其腕部,形成相反方向的螺旋勁。
Keywords
Lie(挒)
Splitting Energy(挒勁)
Opposite Spiral(反向螺旋)
Torque(扭矩)
---
Zhou(肘)
Advance into close range.
Deflect the opponent's arm upward before issuing the elbow strike.
Power originates from the legs and waist.
The fist merely supports the elbow.
先化開對方來力,再以肘攻擊。力量來自腿與腰,拳僅輔助肘勁。
Keywords
Zhou(肘)
Elbow Energy(肘勁)
Close-range Power(近身發勁)
---
Kao(靠)
Shift the body weight forward.
Relax the striking arm without fully extending it.
Project the shoulder and upper torso into the opponent.
The supporting hand naturally contacts the upper arm.
身體重心前送,以肩及上胸整體靠擊,手臂保持放鬆,不可伸直。
Keywords
Kao(靠)
Shoulder Stroke(靠勁)
Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
---
Raise Peng(上掤)
After Kao, sit back.
Draw the hands apart diagonally.
Raise the right hand toward eyebrow level.
Lower the left hand beside the kua.
Maintain a slight bend in the supporting knee.
靠後後座,上下對拉成掤式。右手提至眉前,左手沉至胯旁,支撐腿仍保持微彎。
---
Martial Applications(技擊)
Cai(採)
Suddenly pluck the opponent's wrist or elbow downward to destroy balance.
突然向下採對方腕或肘,使其失去平衡。
---
Lie(挒)
Apply opposite rotational forces to separate the opponent's joints.
雙手反向螺旋,可拆解或控制對方關節。
---
Zhou(肘)
Strike the opponent's ribs, chest, jaw, or armpit at close distance.
近身攻擊肋部、胸部、下顎或腋下。
---
Kao(靠)
Use the shoulder, chest, and body mass to uproot or knock away the opponent.
利用肩、胸及整體體重將對方撞離重心。
---
Footwork(腳法)
Dragon Turns Its Head relies primarily on Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳) rather than large stepping movements.
The pivot is performed by rotating on the ball of the front foot (以前腳掌為軸) while allowing the heel to move outward (腳跟外擺).
This preserves rooting while increasing rotational torque.
龍回頭主要利用攆腳,而非大幅移步。以前腳掌為軸,腳跟自然外擺,在保持落根的同時增加旋轉扭矩。
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Cai(採) — Inhale naturally while storing energy.(自然吸氣,蓄勁。)
Lie(挒) — Begin exhalation through the spiral movement.(螺旋發勁開始呼氣。)
Zhou(肘) — Short, focused exhalation.(短促而集中地呼氣。)
Kao(靠) — Continue exhaling as the body projects forward.(續呼,整體前送。)
Raise Peng(上掤) — Return to natural breathing.(恢復自然呼吸。)
Never force or hold the breath.
不可憋氣,呼吸應自然配合動作。
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
Dragon Turns Its Head emphasizes rotational power (旋轉力) rather than linear pushing.
The kinetic sequence is:
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
↓
Ball of the Front Foot(前腳掌)
↓
Kua Rotation(胯旋)
↓
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
↓
Thoracic Rotation(胸椎旋轉)
↓
Shoulder Connection(肩部連結)
↓
Elbow or Shoulder Contact(肘或肩接觸)
This creates Whole-body Spiral Power(整體螺旋勁), allowing powerful strikes without relying on arm strength.
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "Store the energy like drawing a bow; release it like shooting an arrow."
「蓄勁如張弓,發勁如放箭。」
> "If one part moves, every part moves."
「一動無有不動。」
> "The waist is the commander."
「腰為主宰。」
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Pulling with the arm during Cai(採) instead of using waist rotation.(採時只用手拉,不用腰。)
Separating the hands during Lie(挒) instead of creating opposite spirals.(挒時雙手未形成反向螺旋。)
Swinging the elbow during Zhou(肘) rather than issuing power from the body.(肘法變成甩肘,而非整體發勁。)
Leaning the body during Kao(靠) instead of projecting the whole body while maintaining root.(靠時身體傾倒,而非保持落根整體前送。)
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Right Dragon Turns Its Head(右龍回頭)
Cai(採)
Plucking Energy(採勁)
Lie(挒)
Splitting Energy(挒勁)
Zhou(肘)
Elbow Energy(肘勁)
Kao(靠)
Shoulder Stroke(靠勁)
Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
Ball of the Front Foot(前腳掌)
Heel-Out Rotation(腳跟外擺)
Spiral Power(螺旋勁)
Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
Rooting(落根)
這一章已建立了四隅勁(採、挒、肘、靠)的完整英文術語與教學格式,後續第六章「退步右攬雀尾」即可直接延續同一套架構。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 6
Retreat to Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步右攬雀尾)
Facing 4:30 Direction(面向四點半方向,東南角)
Retreat to Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail combines the principles of Retreat (退) from the Five Steps (五步) with the Four Primary Energies (四正勁). Unlike the forward Grasp the Sparrow's Tail, this movement emphasizes yielding before advancing, neutralizing before issuing power, and transforming defense into offense.
退步右攬雀尾結合五步中的「退」與四正勁,強調「先化後發、先退後進、化中有攻」的太極原理。
---
Command Sequence(口令)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
↓
Step Back with Lü(退步捋)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Step Back and Join the Hands(退步搭手)
↓
Pivot the Front Heel Outward(撇腳跟)
↓
An(按)
↓
Small Lü(小捋)
↓
Ji(擠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Turn Left(左轉)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Body Rotation(轉體)
↓
Step Forward(上步)
↓
Bow Stance(弓步)
↓
Hook the Rear Foot Inward(扣後腳)
↓
Cai(採)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Maintain the Peng structure while shifting the body weight backward.
The hands do not collapse.
The retreat originates from the rearward movement of the center of mass.
保持掤勁結構,重心後移而非手後拉。退的是身,不是手。
Keywords(關鍵字)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Peng Structure(掤架)
Weight Shift(重心轉移)
Rooting(落根)
---
Step Back with Lü(退步捋)
Step backward while guiding the opponent's force diagonally downward.
Do not pull with the arms.
The waist leads the movement.
退步同時引化來力,腰帶雙手,不可以手拉人。
Keywords
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Neutralization(引化)
Step Back(退步)
---
Hook the Front Foot(扣前腳)
Turn the front toes inward.
Close the kua.
Store rotational energy for the next movement.
前腳扣腳,合胯蓄勁,準備下一動。
Keywords
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Close the Kua(合胯)
Store Energy(蓄勁)
---
Step Back and Join the Hands(退步搭手)
As the body retreats, both hands reconnect into Yin–Yang Hands.
The retreat is smooth and continuous.
退步時雙手自然搭接成陰陽手,不可中斷。
Keywords
Join the Hands(搭手)
Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
Synchronization(同步)
---
Pivot the Front Heel Outward(撇腳跟)
Pivot on the ball of the front foot (以前腳掌為軸) while allowing the heel to rotate outward (腳跟外擺).
This creates a new alignment without losing the root.
以前腳掌為軸,腳跟自然外擺,保持根勁而改變方向。
Keywords
Heel Pivot(撇腳跟)
Ball of the Foot(前腳掌)
Heel-Out Rotation(腳跟外擺)
---
An(按)
Project the body forward.
The palms merely transmit the force.
Power originates from the legs.
整體前送,雙掌傳勁,力量由腿而起。
---
Small Lü(小捋)
Perform a compact Roll-back.
Unlike the standard Lü, the hands travel in a smaller circular path.
The emphasis is on maintaining connection rather than creating a large circle.
小捋以維持黏連為主,不需大幅畫圓。
Keywords
Small Lü(小捋)
Connection(黏連)
Spiral Rotation(螺旋)
---
Ji(擠)
Issue forward pressure through the centerline.
The waist completes the power transmission.
沿中線整體擠出,腰完成最後傳勁。
---
Sit Back(後座)
Relax the kua.
Prepare for the next transition.
Do not disconnect the arms from the body.
鬆胯後座,保持上下相隨。
---
Transition to Cai(轉入採)
Hook the front foot.
Turn left.
Perform Left Embrace.
Rotate the body.
Step forward.
Enter Bow Stance.
Hook the rear foot.
Issue Cai.
This sequence prepares the transition into the next chapter.
扣腳、左轉、左抱、轉體、上步、弓步、扣後腳,順勢進入採勁。
---
Martial Applications(技擊)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Absorb the opponent's incoming force without collapsing the structure.
退中有掤,不失結構。
---
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Lead the opponent into emptiness while creating space.
退而引化,使對方落空。
---
An(按)
Immediately counterattack after neutralization.
化後即攻。
---
Ji(擠)
Compress the opponent's centerline after the neutralization.
引化後擠入中線。
---
Footwork(腳法)
This form introduces one of the characteristic stepping methods of WTCCF Taijiquan.
Unlike ordinary stepping, the retreat maintains continuous rooting.
The transition consists of:
Retreat(退步)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Heel Pivot(撇腳跟)
Body Rotation(轉體)
Every adjustment serves to preserve Rooting (落根) while preparing the next issuing of Jin.
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Natural inhalation.
(自然吸氣。)
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Continue inhaling while yielding.
(引化續吸。)
An(按)
Begin exhalation.
(開始呼氣。)
Small Lü(小捋)
Natural breathing.
(自然呼吸。)
Ji(擠)
Complete the exhalation while issuing Jin.
(發勁完成呼氣。)
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
This movement demonstrates the Tai Chi principle:
"Store before issuing."(蓄而後發)
During the retreat, elastic energy is stored through:
Hip flexion(胯收)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Heel Pivot(撇腳跟)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
The stored energy is then released through An and Ji, creating efficient whole-body power rather than relying on muscular strength.
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "If the opponent does not move, I do not move; if the opponent moves first, I move first."
「彼不動,己不動;彼微動,己先動。」
> "First transform, then issue."
「先化後發。」
> "Yield without losing the root."
「退而不失其根。」
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Retreating by leaning backward instead of shifting the center of mass.(退步時後仰,而非重心後移。)
Pulling with the hands during Lü.(捋時只用手拉。)
Lifting the foot during the heel pivot instead of pivoting on the ball of the foot.(撇腳跟時抬腳,而非以前腳掌為軸旋轉。)
Breaking the continuity between An and Ji.(按與擠之間斷勁。)
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Retreat to Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步右攬雀尾)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Join the Hands(搭手)
Heel Pivot(撇腳跟)
Small Lü(小捋)
Ji(擠)
Sit Back(後座)
Left Embrace(左抱)
Body Rotation(轉體)
Bow Stance(弓步)
Cai(採)
Rooting(落根)
Yielding(引化)
Whole-body Power(整體發力)
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
> 編者建議: 你的原稿中的「履」建議在全書統一改為 Lü(捋)。在太極拳國際通用術語中,第二勁標準拼音為 Lü(捋),而「履」是中文常見的同音誤寫,正式教材宜統一使用「捋(Lü)」。這樣全書會更符合國際太極拳界的術語標準。
很好,第七章開始進入左龍回頭。我建議不再只是寫成右龍回頭的鏡像,而是加入**左主導(Left-leading Principle,左主導)**的概念,這也是國際教材比較專業的寫法。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 7
Left Dragon Turns Its Head(左龍回頭)
Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao(採、挒、肘、靠)
Facing 10:30 Direction(面向10點30分方向,西北角)
Left Dragon Turns Its Head is the mirror counterpart of Right Dragon Turns Its Head. It develops the practitioner's ability to issue the Four Corner Energies (四隅勁) from the left side while maintaining the same principles of rooting, spiral rotation, and whole-body integration.
左龍回頭是右龍回頭的鏡像動作,訓練左側主導的四隅勁,使左右兩側都能發揮相同的整體發力能力。
Command Sequence(口令)
Cai(採)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot of the Front Foot(前腳撇腳)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
↓
Lie(挒)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot of the Front Foot(前腳撇腳)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Zhou(肘)
↓
Kao(靠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Raise Peng(上掤)
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Cai(採)
The left hand (左手) becomes the leading Yang Hand (陽手).
Shift the body weight slightly forward while plucking diagonally downward at approximately 45 degrees.
The right hand naturally protects the lower abdomen.
The movement originates from the waist rotation (腰旋) and kua rotation (胯旋) rather than from pulling with the arm.
左手為主導陽手,沿約四十五度方向向下採勁,右手自然護丹田。採勁來自腰胯旋轉,而不是手臂下拉。
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Cai(採)
- Plucking Energy(採勁)
- Left Yang Hand(左陽手)
- Spiral Force(螺旋勁)
- Waist Rotation(腰旋)
- Whole-body Power(整體發力)
Lie(挒)
Step into the left Bow Stance (左弓步).
The left hand receives or controls the opponent's elbow, while the right hand controls the wrist.
The two hands rotate in opposite directions, producing Splitting Energy (挒勁).
左前弓步,左手控制對方肘部,右手控制腕部,雙手形成相反方向的螺旋力量。
Keywords
- Lie(挒)
- Splitting Energy(挒勁)
- Opposite Spiral(反向螺旋)
- Torque(扭矩)
Zhou(肘)
Advance into close range.
Deflect the opponent's arm upward.
Issue the left elbow toward the ribs, chest, jaw, or armpit.
Power is generated from the legs, transmitted through the waist, and expressed through the elbow.
近身後先化開來力,再以左肘攻擊肋部、胸部、下顎或腋下。力量由腿、腰傳至肘。
Keywords
- Zhou(肘)
- Elbow Energy(肘勁)
- Close-range Power(近身發勁)
Kao(靠)
Shift the body weight forward.
Relax the left arm naturally without locking the elbow.
Project the left shoulder and upper torso into the opponent.
The right hand naturally supports the left upper arm.
重心前送,以左肩及上胸整體靠擊。左臂自然放鬆,不可伸直;右手自然扶於左上臂。
Keywords
- Kao(靠)
- Shoulder Stroke(靠勁)
- Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
Raise Peng(上掤)
After Kao, sit back.
Raise the left hand diagonally toward eyebrow level.
Lower the right hand beside the right kua.
Maintain slight flexion in the supporting knee.
靠後後座,上下對拉成掤式。左手提至眉前,右手沉至右胯旁,支撐腿保持微彎。
Martial Applications(技擊)
Cai(採)
Suddenly pluck the opponent's wrist or elbow downward to destroy balance.
突然向下採對方腕或肘,使其失去重心。
Lie(挒)
Separate and control the opponent's joints through opposite spirals.
以反向螺旋控制或拆解對方關節。
Zhou(肘)
Strike with the elbow at very close range.
近身以肘攻擊。
Kao(靠)
Project the whole body's mass through the shoulder.
利用整體身體重量靠擊。
Footwork(腳法)
Left Dragon Turns Its Head uses the same stepping principles as the right side.
The movement emphasizes:
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- Heel-Out Rotation(腳跟外擺)
- Rooting(落根)
- Whole-body Rotation(整體旋轉)
The pivot should originate from the ball of the front foot (前腳掌) while allowing the heel to rotate outward naturally.
以前腳掌為軸,腳跟自然外擺,以保持根勁並產生旋轉力。
Breathing(呼吸)
- Cai(採) — Inhale naturally while storing energy.(自然吸氣,蓄勁。)
- Lie(挒) — Begin exhaling with the spiral movement.(螺旋發勁開始呼氣。)
- Zhou(肘) — Short, focused exhalation.(短促呼氣。)
- Kao(靠) — Continue exhaling while projecting the body.(續呼,整體前送。)
- Raise Peng(上掤) — Return to natural breathing.(恢復自然呼吸。)
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
The movement develops left-side kinetic coordination (左側動力鏈).
The force pathway is:
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
↓
Left Foot Rooting(左腳落根)
↓
Hip Rotation(胯旋)
↓
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
↓
Thoracic Rotation(胸椎旋轉)
↓
Shoulder Connection(肩部連結)
↓
Left Elbow or Shoulder Contact(左肘或左肩接觸)
This develops symmetrical whole-body power on both sides.
此動作建立左側完整的整體發力能力,使左右兩側功力均衡。
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
"The root is in the feet, issuing through the legs, controlled by the waist, and expressed through the fingers."
「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於手指。」
"When one part moves, every part moves."
「一動無有不動。」
"Adapt to the opponent's changes."
「因敵變化示神奇。」
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
- Pulling downward with the arm during Cai(採) instead of using waist rotation.(採時只用手拉。)
- Separating the hands during Lie(挒) instead of maintaining opposite spirals.(挒時雙手未形成對向螺旋。)
- Swinging the elbow during Zhou(肘) rather than issuing whole-body power.(肘法變成甩肘。)
- Leaning during Kao(靠) instead of projecting the body while maintaining root.(靠時身體前傾失根。)
Key Terms(關鍵字)
- Left Dragon Turns Its Head(左龍回頭)
- Cai(採)
- Plucking Energy(採勁)
- Lie(挒)
- Splitting Energy(挒勁)
- Zhou(肘)
- Elbow Energy(肘勁)
- Kao(靠)
- Shoulder Stroke(靠勁)
- Left Yang Hand(左陽手)
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- Heel-Out Rotation(腳跟外擺)
- Whole-body Rotation(整體旋轉)
- Rooting(落根)
- Whole-body Power(整體發力)
- Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
編輯建議: 為避免與「Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)」混淆,你原稿中的**「撇腳跟」建議全書統一譯為 Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟/以前腳掌為軸、腳跟外擺);而「撇腳」**則保留為 Toe-Out Pivot(腳尖外撇)。兩者在英文教材中可清楚區分不同的腳法。
很好,第八章開始是退步左攬雀尾。這一章不只是第六章的左右對稱,而是要強調**退步(Retreat)與左側主導(Left-side Leadership)**的整體運用,並承接下一式的轉換。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 8
Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步左攬雀尾)
Facing 10:30 Direction(面向10點30分方向,西北角)
Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail applies the Five Steps (五步) principle of Retreat (退) together with the Four Primary Energies (四正勁). It teaches the practitioner to neutralize an attack while retreating, preserve structural integrity, and immediately return to the offensive.
退步左攬雀尾運用五步中的「退」結合四正勁,強調退中有化、化中有攻,在後退中保持整體結構,並立即轉守為攻。
Command Sequence(口令)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
↓
Step Back with Lü(退步捋)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Step Back and Join the Hands(退步搭手)
↓
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
↓
An(按)
↓
Small Lü(小捋)
↓
Ji(擠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳22.5°)
↓
Turn Right(右轉)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
↓
Face the Cardinal Direction(身向正方位)
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Maintain the Peng structure while transferring the body weight onto the rear leg.
The hands remain connected to the body.
The retreat comes from the legs rather than withdrawing the arms.
保持掤勁結構,重心後移,手不後拉,退的是身體而不是雙手。
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Retreat Peng(退掤)
- Peng Structure(掤架)
- Rooting(落根)
- Weight Transfer(重心轉移)
Step Back with Lü(退步捋)
Step backward while guiding the opponent's force diagonally downward.
The waist leads the movement.
The hands maintain continuous contact.
退步引化,腰帶雙手,保持黏連,不可脫手。
Keywords
- Retreat Lü(退步捋)
- Neutralization(引化)
- Continuous Contact(黏連)
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Pivot on the ball of the supporting foot (以前腳掌為軸).
Allow the heel to rotate outward naturally.
Do not lift the foot.
This adjustment changes the body's alignment while preserving rooting.
以前腳掌為軸,腳跟自然外擺,不可抬腳,以保持根勁並改變方向。
Keywords
- Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
- Ball of the Foot(前腳掌)
- Heel Rotation(腳跟外擺)
An(按)
Project the whole body forward through the palms.
Maintain a relaxed shoulder and dropped elbows.
The force originates from the rear leg.
由後腿發力,經腰傳至雙掌,肩鬆肘沉。
Small Lü(小捋)
Use a compact circular motion.
Maintain sticking and following.
Avoid unnecessary arm movement.
以小圓維持黏隨,不可畫大圈。
Ji(擠)
Press forward through the opponent's centerline.
Complete the issuing of Jin with unified body movement.
沿中線整體前擠,以整勁完成發勁。
Transition(轉接)
Hook the front foot inward approximately 22.5 degrees.
Turn right.
Perform Right Embrace.
Return to the cardinal direction.
This prepares the entry into the next Right Dragon Turns Its Head.
扣腳約22.5度,右轉、右抱,身體回正,準備進入下一式右龍回頭。
Martial Applications(技擊)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Absorb the opponent's force while maintaining structural support.
退中有掤,不失支撐。
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Lead the opponent into emptiness while retreating.
退中引化,使對方落空。
An(按)
Counterattack immediately after neutralization.
化後即攻。
Ji(擠)
Compress the opponent's center after neutralization.
引化後沿中線擠入。
Footwork(腳法)
Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail emphasizes:
- Continuous Rooting(持續落根)
- Minimal Foot Adjustment(最小腳步調整)
- Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
- Hook Foot(扣腳)
The purpose of the footwork is not merely to change direction, but to maintain a continuous kinetic chain throughout the retreat.
腳法的目的不是單純改變方向,而是在退步中保持完整的力量鏈。
Breathing(呼吸)
- Retreat Peng(退掤) — Natural inhalation.(自然吸氣。)
- Retreat Lü(退步捋) — Continue inhaling while yielding.(引化續吸。)
- An(按) — Begin exhaling.(開始呼氣。)
- Small Lü(小捋) — Natural breathing.(自然呼吸。)
- Ji(擠) — Finish the exhalation with Fa Jin.(發勁完成呼氣。)
Breathing remains smooth and uninterrupted throughout the sequence.
呼吸自然連續,不可停頓。
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
This movement demonstrates yielding without collapsing (退而不失根).
The retreat stores elastic energy through:
- Hip Flexion(胯收)
- Knee Flexion(膝屈)
- Hook Foot(扣腳)
- Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
The stored energy is released through An and Ji, producing efficient whole-body power.
退步時藉由胯、膝、扣腳與撇腳跟蓄勁,再經按、擠完整釋放整勁。
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
"If the opponent advances, I yield; when the opportunity arrives, I issue."
「彼進我退,得機即發。」
"Store before issuing; issue only after storing."
「蓄而後發。」
"The root is in the feet, issuing through the legs, controlled by the waist."
「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰。」
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
- Leaning backward instead of shifting the center of mass.(後仰而非重心後移。)
- Pulling with the arms during Lü.(捋時只用手拉。)
- Lifting the foot during the Heel-Out Pivot.(撇腳跟時抬腳。)
- Breaking the connection between An and Ji.(按與擠之間斷勁。)
- Turning the shoulders before the waist.(肩先轉,腰未帶動。)
Key Terms(關鍵字)
- Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步左攬雀尾)
- Retreat Peng(退掤)
- Retreat Lü(退步捋)
- Hook Foot(扣腳)
- Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
- Small Lü(小捋)
- Ji(擠)
- An(按)
- Sit Back(後座)
- Right Embrace(右抱)
- Weight Transfer(重心轉移)
- Continuous Rooting(持續落根)
- Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
- Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
- Waist Rotation(腰旋)
編輯建議
從第九章開始(進右龍回頭),建議不再重複前面對採、挒、肘、靠的詳細解說,而是著重於不同方位(1:30、7:30 等)對步法、轉體與腳法的影響,使教材更精煉,同時符合國際教練手冊的編寫方式。
很好,從第九章開始,套路再次進入右龍回頭,但方向改為西南角(7:30)。這一章不再重複第五章的四隅勁內容,而是著重於方位轉換(Directional Change)、角位步法(Diagonal Stepping)及整體發勁(Whole-body Fa Jin)。
---
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 9
Advance to Right Dragon Turns Its Head(進右龍回頭)
Facing 1:30 Direction(面向1點30分方向,東北角)
Advance to Right Dragon Turns Its Head combines the Five Steps (五步) principle of Advance (進) with the Four Corner Energies (四隅勁). Unlike the first Right Dragon Turns Its Head, this sequence emphasizes advancing from the diagonal direction while maintaining structural alignment and continuous whole-body power.
進右龍回頭結合五步中的「進」與四隅勁,強調角位前進、步法轉換及整體發勁。
---
Command Sequence(口令)
Cai(採)
↓
Step the Front Foot to the Diagonal Position(前腳落角位)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot 22.5°(前腳撇22.5°)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Face the Cardinal Direction(身向正方位)
↓
Lie(挒)
↓
Step the Front Foot to the Diagonal Position(前腳落角位)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
↓
Zhou(肘)
↓
Kao(靠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Raise Peng(上掤)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Advance to the Diagonal(進角位)
The advancing foot lands on the designated diagonal direction.
Maintain a stable T-Stance (丁字步) throughout the transition.
The body follows the direction of the leading foot.
前腳落於角位,保持丁字步結構,身體隨前腳方向調整。
Keywords(關鍵字)
Advance(進)
Diagonal Direction(角位)
T-Stance(丁字步)
Directional Alignment(方向一致)
---
Cai(採)
Shift the body weight forward.
The leading hand plucks diagonally downward.
The movement originates from the waist.
Avoid pulling only with the arm.
重心前移,主導手向斜下採勁,以腰帶手,不可用手硬拉。
---
Toe-Out Pivot 22.5°(撇腳22.5°)
After sitting back, pivot the front foot outward approximately 22.5 degrees.
The pivot aligns the body with the next cardinal direction while preserving rooting.
後座後,前腳外撇約22.5度,使身體回正,同時保持落根。
---
Left Embrace(左抱)
Withdraw the rear foot smoothly.
Rotate both hands into Yin–Yang Hands.
The waist follows the leading left hand.
收後腳,雙手轉為陰陽手,腰隨左手轉動。
---
Lie(挒)
Step to the next diagonal position.
Create opposite spiral forces through both arms.
The body rotates around the central axis.
前腳再次落角位,雙手形成反向螺旋,身體繞中軸旋轉。
---
Zhou(肘)
Advance into close range.
Issue the elbow from the rotation of the waist.
The elbow arrives before the fist.
近身後以腰旋帶動肘擊,肘先於拳。
---
Kao(靠)
Relax the striking arm.
Project the shoulder and torso together.
Maintain the supporting root throughout the movement.
手臂放鬆,以肩與軀幹整體前送,保持支撐腳落根。
---
Martial Applications(技擊)
Cai(採)
Break the opponent's balance by pulling diagonally downward.
採勁向斜下破壞對方重心。
---
Lie(挒)
Control the opponent's arm through opposite rotational forces.
利用雙向螺旋控制對方手臂與關節。
---
Zhou(肘)
Strike the opponent's centerline from close range.
近距離攻擊中線。
---
Kao(靠)
Use body mass rather than muscular force.
以整體重量靠擊,而非用肩撞擊。
---
Footwork(腳法)
This form introduces Diagonal Advancement (角位進步).
Key principles include:
The front foot always lands on the diagonal position (前腳必落角位).
Before stepping again, the existing front foot pivots outward approximately 22.5 degrees.
This creates a new T-Stance (丁字步) without losing rooting.
角位進步的原則是:原前腳先外撇約22.5度,再以前腳引導下一步落角位,形成新的丁字步。
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Cai(採) — Natural inhalation while storing energy.(自然吸氣,蓄勁。)
Lie(挒) — Begin exhaling through the spiral movement.(螺旋發勁開始呼氣。)
Zhou(肘) — Short exhalation.(短促呼氣。)
Kao(靠) — Continue exhaling as the body projects.(續呼,整體前送。)
Raise Peng(上掤) — Return to natural breathing.(恢復自然呼吸。)
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
The diagonal advance develops:
Directional Control(方向控制)
Dynamic Balance(動態平衡)
Spiral Torque(螺旋扭矩)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
The 22.5-degree Toe-Out Pivot (撇腳22.5度) allows the body to change direction smoothly while maintaining the kinetic chain.
22.5度撇腳使身體在不失根的情況下完成方向轉換,保持完整的動力鏈。
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "Stand like a balanced scale; move like a turning wheel."
「立如平準,活似車輪。」
> "The waist is the commander."
「腰為主宰。」
> "When one part moves, every part moves."
「一動無有不動。」
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Stepping before pivoting the front foot.(未先撇腳即上步。)
Losing the T-Stance during the diagonal advance.(角位進步時失去丁字步。)
Pulling with the arm during Cai.(採時只用手拉。)
Rotating the shoulders ahead of the waist.(肩先於腰轉。)
Leaning during Kao.(靠時前傾失根。)
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Advance to Right Dragon Turns Its Head(進右龍回頭)
Advance(進)
Diagonal Direction(角位)
T-Stance(丁字步)
Toe-Out Pivot 22.5°(撇腳22.5°)
Cai(採)
Lie(挒)
Zhou(肘)
Kao(靠)
Left Embrace(左抱)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Dynamic Balance(動態平衡)
Spiral Torque(螺旋扭矩)
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
Rooting(落根)
編者註
依照你原始教材,角位進步的核心原則是「前腳必落角位,原前腳先撇22.5°形成新的丁字步」。這是本套路的重要特色,與許多太極拳套路直接以腳跟推轉不同,因此建議在全書中保持一致的術語與說明。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 10
Retreat to Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步右攬雀尾)
Facing 1:30 Direction(面向1點30分方向,東北角)
This movement is the continuation of Advance to Right Dragon Turns Its Head (進右龍回頭). It combines the Five Steps principle of Retreat (退) with the Four Primary Energies (四正勁), emphasizing yielding, neutralizing, storing energy, and reissuing power while maintaining continuous rooting and body alignment.
本式承接進右龍回頭,運用五步中的「退」,結合四正勁,強調退中有化、化中有蓄、蓄而後發,保持整體連貫與落根。
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Command Sequence(口令)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
↓
Step Back with Lü(退步捋)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Step Back and Join the Hands(退步搭手)
↓
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
↓
An(按)
↓
Small Lü(小捋)
↓
Ji(擠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Turn Left(左轉)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Body Rotation(轉體)
↓
Step Forward(上步)
↓
Bow Stance(弓步)
↓
Hook the Rear Foot Inward(扣後腳)
↓
Cai(採)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Maintain the Peng structure while shifting the center of mass backward.
The elbows remain rounded and connected to the torso.
The retreat is initiated by the legs, not by withdrawing the hands.
保持掤架,重心後移,肘保持圓勁。退的是身體,不是雙手。
Keywords(關鍵字)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Peng Structure(掤架)
Rooting(落根)
Center of Mass(重心)
---
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Guide the opponent's force diagonally downward while stepping back.
The waist controls the direction.
The hands remain relaxed and connected.
退步同時引化來力,腰主導方向,雙手保持鬆沉與黏連。
Keywords
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Neutralization(引化)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
---
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Pivot on the ball of the supporting foot (以前腳掌為軸) while allowing the heel to rotate outward naturally.
This changes direction without interrupting rooting.
以前腳掌為軸,腳跟自然外擺,在保持根勁下改變方向。
Keywords
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Ball of the Foot(前腳掌)
Heel Rotation(腳跟外擺)
---
An(按)
Issue forward pressure by advancing the body's center.
The palms transmit force generated from the legs and waist.
Avoid pushing with the shoulders.
以身體前送完成按勁,力量由腿腰傳至雙掌,不可以肩推手。
---
Small Lü(小捋)
Perform a compact circular neutralization.
Maintain continuous sticking energy.
The hands move only as much as necessary.
小捋以黏隨為主,不需大圈引化。
---
Ji(擠)
Press through the opponent's centerline.
The rear leg supplies the driving force.
The waist completes the issuing of Jin.
沿中線前擠,後腿供力,腰完成發勁。
---
Transition to Cai(轉入採)
Hook the front foot inward.
Turn left.
Perform Left Embrace.
Rotate the body.
Step forward into Bow Stance.
Hook the rear foot.
Issue Cai.
扣腳、左轉、左抱、轉體、上步、弓步、扣後腳,順勢進入採勁。
---
Martial Applications(技擊)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Maintain structural support while yielding to the incoming force.
退中保持掤勁,不失支撐。
---
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Lead the opponent into emptiness without breaking contact.
退中引化,黏而不脫。
---
An(按)
Issue an immediate counterattack after neutralization.
化後即按。
---
Ji(擠)
Compress the opponent's centerline through unified body power.
整體擠入中線。
---
Footwork(腳法)
This retreat sequence emphasizes:
Continuous Rooting(持續落根)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Minimal Foot Adjustment(最小腳步調整)
The retreat should never disconnect the body's kinetic chain.
Every pivot prepares the next issuing movement.
退步過程不可失去整體連結,每一次扣腳與撇腳跟都是為下一次發勁做準備。
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Retreat Peng(退掤) — Inhale naturally.(自然吸氣。)
Retreat Lü(退步捋) — Continue inhaling while yielding.(引化續吸。)
An(按) — Begin exhaling.(開始呼氣。)
Small Lü(小捋) — Maintain natural breathing.(自然呼吸。)
Ji(擠) — Complete the exhalation with Fa Jin.(發勁完成呼氣。)
The breathing remains continuous and coordinated with the movement.
呼吸應與動作同步,自然流暢,不可中斷。
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
This movement illustrates the principle of "store before issuing" (蓄而後發).
During the retreat:
The hips flex (胯收)
The knees flex (屈膝)
The front foot hooks inward (扣腳)
The heel pivots outward (撇腳跟)
These actions preload the lower-body elastic structures.
The stored energy is released through An and Ji, producing efficient whole-body power with minimal muscular effort.
退步時藉由胯收、屈膝、扣腳與撇腳跟蓄勁,再經按、擠完整釋放整體力量。
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "Store the energy like drawing a bow; release it like shooting an arrow."
「蓄勁如張弓,發勁如放箭。」
> "Yield without losing the root."
「退而不失其根。」
> "The waist is the commander."
「腰為主宰。」
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Leaning backward instead of shifting the center of mass.(身體後仰而非重心後移。)
Pulling with the arms during Lü.(捋時只用手拉。)
Lifting the foot during the Heel-Out Pivot.(撇腳跟時抬腳離地。)
Breaking the flow between An and Ji.(按與擠之間停頓斷勁。)
Rotating the shoulders before the waist.(肩先轉而腰未帶動。)
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Retreat to Right Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步右攬雀尾)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Small Lü(小捋)
Ji(擠)
An(按)
Sit Back(後座)
Left Embrace(左抱)
Body Rotation(轉體)
Bow Stance(弓步)
Cai(採)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Rooting(落根)
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
編者說明
依你的原稿,第10式與第6式雖然名稱相同都是退步右攬雀尾,但第10式是由1:30(東北角)退回並銜接第11式左龍回頭,因此教學重點不在四正勁本身,而在方向轉換(Directional Transition,方向轉換)與連續套路(Continuous Flow,套路連貫)。正式教材可在章末增加「Direction Transition(方位轉換)」圖示,讓海外教練更容易理解整套路的空間運行。
很好,第11章開始是左龍回頭,但這是第二次出現,已不再是基本動作,而是在連續套路中的角位轉換(7:30,西南角)。因此本章的重點應放在步法連續性(Continuous Footwork)、方向控制(Directional Control)及左右勁的平衡(Bilateral Power Development),而不是重複第五章的技術說明。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 11
Advance to Left Dragon Turns Its Head(進左龍回頭)
Facing 7:30 Direction(面向7:30方向,西南角)
Advance to Left Dragon Turns Its Head continues the diagonal progression of the Thirteen-Posture Routine. It develops the ability to advance from a diagonal direction while maintaining balance, rooting, and whole-body coordination. The left side now becomes the leading side for issuing the Four Corner Energies.
進左龍回頭延續十三式角位運行,訓練在斜角方向前進時保持平衡、落根與整體協調,並以左側為主導發揮四隅勁。
Command Sequence(口令)
Cai(採)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot of the Front Foot(前腳撇腳)
↓
Right Embrace(右抱)
↓
Lie(挒)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Toe-Out Pivot of the Front Foot(前腳撇腳)
↓
Left Embrace(左抱)
↓
Zhou(肘)
↓
Kao(靠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Raise Peng(上掤)
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Cai(採)
The left hand becomes the leading Yang Hand.
Advance toward the diagonal direction while plucking diagonally downward.
The body weight moves forward as one integrated unit.
左手為主導陽手,沿角位前進,整體前移,同時向斜下採勁。
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Cai(採)
- Left Yang Hand(左陽手)
- Diagonal Advance(角位前進)
- Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Lie(挒)
Maintain the Bow Stance while creating opposite spiral forces.
The leading hand controls the opponent's elbow.
The supporting hand controls the wrist.
保持弓步,雙手形成反向螺旋,前手控制肘部,後手控制腕部。
Keywords
- Lie(挒)
- Splitting Energy(挒勁)
- Opposite Spiral(反向螺旋)
- Torque(扭矩)
Zhou(肘)
Enter close range through body movement rather than reaching with the arm.
The elbow is driven by waist rotation and leg power.
利用身體前送進入近身距離,以腰腿帶動肘擊。
Keywords
- Zhou(肘)
- Elbow Energy(肘勁)
- Close-range Power(近身發勁)
Kao(靠)
Project the shoulder and torso together.
Do not lean forward.
Maintain structural alignment throughout the movement.
肩與軀幹整體前送,不可前傾失去中正。
Keywords
- Kao(靠)
- Shoulder Stroke(靠勁)
- Body Alignment(身體排列)
Raise Peng(上掤)
Sit back after Kao.
Separate the hands diagonally.
Raise the left hand toward eyebrow level while lowering the right hand beside the kua.
靠後後座,上下對拉成掤式,左手提至眉前,右手沉至胯旁。
Martial Applications(技擊)
Cai(採)
Break the opponent's balance by pulling diagonally downward.
採勁破壞對方重心。
Lie(挒)
Separate the opponent's arm through opposite spiral forces.
利用反向螺旋控制關節。
Zhou(肘)
Strike the opponent at close range using body connection rather than arm strength.
整體近身發肘,不靠手臂力量。
Kao(靠)
Project the body's mass through the shoulder.
以身體重量完成靠擊。
Footwork(腳法)
The diagonal advance follows three essential principles:
- The leading foot lands on the designated diagonal direction(前腳落角位).
- The existing front foot pivots outward before the next step(原前腳先撇腳再進步).
- The feet re-establish the T-Stance after each advance(每次進步後重新形成丁字步).
These principles maintain balance while allowing continuous directional change.
角位進步遵循「前腳落角位、原前腳先撇腳、重新形成丁字步」三項原則,以保持平衡與方向轉換。
Breathing(呼吸)
- Cai(採) — Natural inhalation while storing energy.(自然吸氣蓄勁。)
- Lie(挒) — Begin exhaling with the spiral movement.(螺旋發勁開始呼氣。)
- Zhou(肘) — Short, focused exhalation.(短促呼氣。)
- Kao(靠) — Continue exhaling during whole-body projection.(續呼完成靠勁。)
- Raise Peng(上掤) — Return to natural breathing.(恢復自然呼吸。)
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
This movement develops:
- Directional Stability(方向穩定性)
- Rotational Torque(旋轉扭矩)
- Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
- Bilateral Coordination(左右協調)
The diagonal stepping sequence enables efficient transfer of force while preserving rooting and structural integrity.
角位步法使力量在保持落根與結構完整的情況下有效傳遞。
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
"Stand like a balanced scale; move like a turning wheel."
「立如平準,活似車輪。」
"Adapt to the opponent's changes, and marvelous skill naturally appears."
「因敵變化示神奇。」
"The root is in the feet, issuing through the legs, controlled by the waist."
「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰。」
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
- Advancing before completing the toe-out pivot.(未先撇腳即進步。)
- Leaning forward during Zhou or Kao.(肘、靠時前傾。)
- Losing the T-Stance after stepping.(進步後未形成丁字步。)
- Rotating the shoulders ahead of the waist.(肩先轉而腰未帶動。)
- Using arm strength instead of whole-body power.(只用手力,未用整勁。)
Key Terms(關鍵字)
- Advance to Left Dragon Turns Its Head(進左龍回頭)
- Cai(採)
- Lie(挒)
- Zhou(肘)
- Kao(靠)
- Left Yang Hand(左陽手)
- Diagonal Advance(角位前進)
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- T-Stance(丁字步)
- Whole-body Projection(整體前送)
- Bilateral Coordination(左右協調)
- Rooting(落根)
- Directional Stability(方向穩定性)
- Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
編輯建議
從第12章(退步左攬雀尾)開始,將完成十三式的最後一組攻防循環。建議在第12章之後增加一個Overall Sequence Summary(全套路總結),以圖表整理十三式的方位、八法(四正勁/四隅勁)、五步及主要步法,作為全書的總複習。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 12
Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步左攬雀尾)
Facing 7:30 Direction(面向7:30方向,西南角)
Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail completes the final cycle of the Thirteen-Posture Routine. It integrates Retreat (退) from the Five Steps (五步) with the Four Primary Energies (四正勁) while preparing the practitioner to return smoothly to the Closing Form.
退步左攬雀尾完成十三式最後一個攻防循環,結合五步中的「退」與四正勁,並為收勢做好準備。
---
Command Sequence(口令)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
↓
Step Back with Lü(退步捋)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Step Back and Join the Hands(退步搭手)
↓
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
↓
An(按)
↓
Small Lü(小捋)
↓
Ji(擠)
↓
Sit Back(後座)
↓
Hook the Front Foot Inward(扣前腳)
↓
Body Rotation(轉體)
↓
Draw in the Right Foot(收右腳)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Maintain the Peng structure while shifting the center of gravity onto the rear leg.
The body retreats without collapsing the frame.
保持掤架,重心後移,退身而不散架。
Keywords(關鍵字)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Peng Structure(掤架)
Rooting(落根)
---
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Guide the opponent's force diagonally downward while stepping backward.
The waist controls the direction of the neutralization.
退步同時引化,腰主導方向,保持黏隨。
Keywords
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Neutralization(引化)
Waist Rotation(腰旋)
---
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Turn the front toes inward.
Close the kua.
Store elastic energy.
Maintain the T-Stance relationship.
前腳扣腳,合胯蓄勁,保持丁字步結構。
Keywords
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Close the Kua(合胯)
Store Energy(蓄勁)
---
Step Back and Join the Hands(退步搭手)
Withdraw smoothly while reconnecting both hands into Yin–Yang Hands.
The hands, waist, and feet move simultaneously.
退步時雙手回到陰陽手,手、腰、腳同步完成。
Keywords
Join the Hands(搭手)
Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
Synchronization(同步)
---
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Pivot on the ball of the supporting foot (以前腳掌為軸) while allowing the heel to rotate outward.
Do not lift the supporting foot.
Maintain continuous rooting.
以前腳掌為軸,腳跟自然外擺,不可抬腳,保持根勁。
Keywords
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Ball of the Foot(前腳掌)
Heel Rotation(腳跟外擺)
---
An(按)
Advance the body slightly while projecting force through both palms.
Relax the shoulders.
Sink the elbows.
整體微向前送,雙掌傳勁,鬆肩墜肘。
---
Small Lü(小捋)
Perform a compact circular neutralization.
Maintain continuous sticking energy.
Avoid excessive arm movement.
小捋保持黏連,不需大幅畫圓。
---
Ji(擠)
Issue forward pressure through the opponent's centerline.
The power comes from the legs, guided by the waist.
沿中線前擠,力量由腿經腰傳至雙掌。
---
Body Rotation(轉體)
Rotate from the waist.
The hips and shoulders rotate together.
The knees remain relaxed.
由腰帶動轉體,肩胯一致,膝關節保持放鬆。
---
Draw in the Right Foot(收右腳)
Draw the right foot inward naturally.
The movement is initiated by the kua (胯) rather than lifting the leg.
The toes remain close to the floor.
Prepare for the Closing Form.
由胯帶動收右腳,腳尖幾乎貼地滑行,準備收勢。
Keywords
Draw in the Right Foot(收右腳)
Kua-driven Movement(胯帶動)
Closing Preparation(收勢準備)
---
Martial Applications(技擊)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Maintain structural integrity while yielding.
退中有掤,不失支撐。
---
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Lead the opponent into emptiness.
引化使對方落空。
---
An(按)
Counterattack immediately after neutralization.
化後即按。
---
Ji(擠)
Compress the opponent's centerline through unified body power.
整勁擠入中線。
---
Footwork(腳法)
This final retreat emphasizes:
Continuous Rooting(持續落根)
Smooth Transition(平順轉換)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Kua-led Foot Collection(胯帶收腳)
The retreat concludes not with an attack, but with a smooth transition into the Closing Form.
本式腳法重點不只是退步,而是以平順的收腳銜接收勢,使套路圓滿結束。
---
Breathing(呼吸)
Retreat Peng(退掤) — Natural inhalation.(自然吸氣。)
Retreat Lü(退步捋) — Continue inhaling while yielding.(引化續吸。)
An(按) — Begin exhaling.(開始呼氣。)
Small Lü(小捋) — Natural breathing.(自然呼吸。)
Ji(擠) — Finish exhaling with unified issuing.(整體發勁完成呼氣。)
Draw in the Right Foot(收右腳) — Return to calm, natural breathing.(恢復平穩自然呼吸。)
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
The final retreat emphasizes controlled deceleration (控制性減速).
The body gradually reduces momentum while maintaining:
Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Dynamic Balance(動態平衡)
The final foot collection is initiated by the kua, allowing the body to remain stable until the Closing Form.
最後收腳由胯帶動,使身體在減速過程中仍保持穩定與整體連結。
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "Stillness is contained within movement; movement is contained within stillness."
「動中有靜,靜中有動。」
> "When the movement ends, the spirit continues."
「勢止意不停。」
> "Return to stillness after movement."
「動極而靜。」
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Pulling the right foot in by lifting the leg instead of moving from the kua.(抬腿收腳,而非胯帶收腳。)
Losing balance during the final retreat.(最後退步失去平衡。)
Separating the hands from the body's movement.(手與身脫節。)
Stopping abruptly before the Closing Form.(未能自然銜接收勢。)
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Retreat to Left Grasp the Sparrow's Tail(退步左攬雀尾)
Retreat Peng(退掤)
Retreat Lü(退步捋)
Hook Foot(扣腳)
Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟)
Small Lü(小捋)
Ji(擠)
An(按)
Body Rotation(轉體)
Draw in the Right Foot(收右腳)
Kua-driven Movement(胯帶動)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Dynamic Balance(動態平衡)
Rooting(落根)
Closing Preparation(收勢準備)
編者建議
第12章結束後,下一章應為Chapter 13 – Closing Form(收勢/太極美人手)。這一章不只是結束動作,更應說明由動歸靜(Return from Movement to Stillness,動歸於靜)、調息(Breath Regulation,調息)與收氣歸元(Returning Qi to the Dantian,收氣歸元),作為整部《太極拳十三式》教材的完整收束。
很好,第十三章是整本教材最重要的收尾。我不建議只翻譯你的口令,而是加入太極哲學、呼吸、生理學與美學,讓收勢成為「由動歸靜」的完整結束,而不是只是把手放下。
---
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 13
Closing Form – Taiji Beauty Hands(收勢──太極美人手)
Facing 12 O'Clock(面向十二點鐘方向)
The Closing Form marks the completion of the Thirteen-Posture Routine. It symbolizes the return from movement to stillness, from expansion to contraction, and from external expression back to internal harmony.
收勢代表十三式套路的圓滿結束,象徵由動歸靜、由開歸合、由外返內,使身、心、氣重新回歸自然。
---
Command Sequence(口令)
Step Right(開右步)
↓
Sink the Body while Drawing a Downward Circle with Both Hands(沉身,雙手下畫圓)
↓
Cross the Hands in Front of the Chest(合十字手)
↓
Embrace the Great Qi Ball and Rise(抱大氣球起身)
↓
Cross the Hands before the Chest, Right Hand Outside(胸前交叉,右手在外)
↓
Turn Both Palms Inward and Downward(內蓋掌)
↓
Open Both Hands Outward(開手)
↓
Lower Both Arms Naturally(垂臂)
↓
Sink Both Hands in Front of the Kua(雙手沉至胯前)
↓
Bend the Knees and Shift the Weight onto the Right Leg(屈膝,重心移至右腳)
↓
Turn Right(右轉)
↓
Draw in the Left Foot while Returning to the Front(收左腳,同時回正)
↓
Stand Upright Naturally(自然成立正姿勢)
---
Technical Explanation(動作說明)
Opening the Right Foot(開右步)
Step naturally to shoulder width.
Maintain relaxed knees and hips.
自然開右步,雙腳與肩同寬。
---
Sink and Draw a Circle(沉身,下畫圓)
Allow both hands to descend naturally in a circular motion.
The body sinks simultaneously.
The movement originates from the kua.
雙手自然下畫圓,同時沉身,由胯帶動。
---
Cross Hands(合十字手)
Bring both hands together in front of the chest.
Relax the shoulders.
Keep the elbows rounded.
雙手於胸前交叉,鬆肩墜肘。
---
Embrace the Great Qi Ball(抱大氣球)
Imagine embracing a large sphere.
The body rises naturally.
The chest remains relaxed.
The shoulders stay dropped.
如抱大氣球,自然起身,含胸鬆肩。
---
Turn the Palms Inward(內蓋掌)
Rotate both palms inward.
The palms gradually face downward.
This symbolizes returning the qi inward.
雙掌內旋向下,象徵收氣歸元。
---
Open Both Hands(開手)
Separate both hands naturally.
Avoid stiffness.
Allow the movement to expand gently.
自然開手,不可僵硬。
---
Lower Both Arms(垂臂)
The arms descend naturally beside the body.
The shoulders remain completely relaxed.
雙臂自然垂下。
---
Draw in the Left Foot(收左腳)
The movement originates from the kua.
The foot glides along the floor.
Do not lift the leg.
由胯帶動收腳,腳尖幾乎貼地滑行。
---
Finish Naturally(自然立正)
Stand upright.
Breathe naturally.
Allow both mind and body to become completely calm.
自然站立,呼吸平穩,身心安定。
---
Martial Interpretation(武術意義)
Although the form appears to conclude,
the practitioner remains fully prepared.
The body is relaxed,
yet the mind remains alert.
The movement ends,
but awareness continues.
雖然動作結束,警覺未失;身體放鬆,精神仍然集中。
---
Internal Meaning(內功意義)
The Closing Form returns the practitioner's:
Qi(氣)
↓
Breathing(息)
↓
Mind(心)
↓
Spirit(神)
back to unity.
The movement gradually transforms external motion into internal stillness.
收勢使氣、息、心、神重新合而為一,由外動漸歸內靜。
---
Breathing(呼吸)
During the entire Closing Form,
maintain
Natural Abdominal Breathing(自然腹式呼吸)
The inhalation and exhalation become progressively slower.
Breathing should never be forced.
At the completion,
allow the breathing to return naturally.
全程自然腹式呼吸,呼吸愈來愈平穩,不可刻意導引。
---
Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
The Closing Form gradually decreases muscular activity.
The center of gravity becomes centered.
The heart rate slows.
Breathing returns to resting rhythm.
Postural muscles remain active,
while unnecessary muscular tension disappears.
This is known as
Active Relaxation(主動放鬆).
收勢使身體逐漸降低肌肉張力,重心回正,心率下降,呼吸恢復自然,達到「主動放鬆」的狀態。
---
Tai Chi Philosophy(太極哲學)
The Closing Form reflects the classical principle:
Returning to Wuji(復歸無極)
Movement returns to stillness.
Yang returns to Yin.
Expansion returns to contraction.
Action returns to tranquility.
收勢象徵:
Returning to Wuji(復歸無極)
Movement Returns to Stillness(動歸於靜)
Yang Returns to Yin(陽歸於陰)
Returning to Simplicity(返樸歸真)
---
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
> "Extreme movement returns to stillness."
「動極而靜。」
> "Stillness is the foundation of movement."
「靜為動之基。」
> "The mind leads the qi; the qi moves the body."
「以心行氣,以氣運身。」
> "The form may end, but the intention continues."
「勢止意不停。」
---
Common Errors(常見錯誤)
Moving too quickly(收勢過快)
Allow the body to settle gradually.
收勢宜緩,不可倉促。
---
Losing posture(站姿鬆散)
Maintain upright alignment until the final moment.
最後仍須保持中正。
---
Forcing the breathing(刻意調息)
Breathing should naturally calm itself.
不可強行控制呼吸。
---
Lifting the foot while drawing it in(收腳抬腳)
The kua initiates the movement.
The foot slides naturally.
收腳由胯帶動,不可抬腿。
---
Key Terms(關鍵字)
Closing Form(收勢)
Taiji Beauty Hands(太極美人手)
Return to Wuji(復歸無極)
Return to Stillness(動歸於靜)
Return Qi to the Dantian(收氣歸丹田)
Active Relaxation(主動放鬆)
Natural Breathing(自然呼吸)
Abdominal Breathing(腹式呼吸)
Whole-body Relaxation(全身放鬆)
Centering(重心回正)
Kua-driven Movement(胯帶動)
Mind–Qi–Body Unity(心、氣、身合一)
---
Final Teaching Principle(總結)
The Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan is not merely a sequence of movements. It is a complete training system integrating philosophy (哲學), health cultivation (養生), martial application (技擊), biomechanics (運動生物力學), and internal cultivation (內修).
Every movement begins with Rooting (落根), is directed by Waist Rotation (腰為主宰), expressed through Whole-body Integration (整體發力), and finally returns to Stillness (靜).
This embodies the essence of the Tai Chi Classics:
> "The movement ends, yet the intention continues."
「勢止意不停。」
作為整本教材的結尾,這一章也象徵太極拳修練的核心——動靜一如(Unity of Movement and Stillness,動靜一如),使十三式不只是套路,而是一套完整的修身、養生與技擊體系。
很好,我認為第十四章應該是整本《WTCCF Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan Instructor's Manual》的核心,而不是附錄。前十三章教的是How(怎麼做),第十四章回答的是Why(為什麼這樣做)。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 14
Fundamental Principles of the Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan
第十四章 太極拳十三式基本原理
"Technique without principle becomes mere choreography; principle without practice remains only theory."
「有招無理,只是套路;有理無功,終成空談。」
The Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan is not merely a sequence of movements. It is a complete system integrating philosophy, biomechanics, martial application, health cultivation, and internal training.
太極拳十三式不是一連串動作,而是一套融合哲學、運動科學、技擊、養生與內功修煉的完整體系。
1. The Eight Energies(八法)
The Eight Energies are the core martial principles of Taijiquan.
八法是太極拳的核心勁法。
| English | 中文 | Function(功能) |
|---|---|---|
| Peng | 掤 | Ward-off and Structural Expansion(掤架、支撐) |
| Lü | 捋 | Neutralization and Leading(引化) |
| Ji | 擠 | Pressing through the Centerline(擠壓中線) |
| An | 按 | Whole-body Projection(整體前送) |
| Cai | 採 | Sudden Downward Plucking(突然下採) |
| Lie | 挒 | Opposite Spiral Force(反向螺旋) |
| Zhou | 肘 | Close-range Elbow Strike(近身肘擊) |
| Kao | 靠 | Shoulder and Body Strike(肩靠、身靠) |
2. The Five Steps(五步)
The Five Steps describe the body's movement strategy.
五步代表身法與步法的基本變化。
- Advance(進)
- Retreat(退)
- Look Left(顧)
- Look Right(盼)
- Central Equilibrium(定)
These combine with the Eight Energies to form the Thirteen Postures(十三勢).
3. Rooting(落根)
Rooting is not simply pressing the feet into the ground.
True rooting is the body's ability to receive and return the Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力).
The force pathway is:
Ground(地面)
↓
Feet(腳)
↓
Legs(腿)
↓
Kua(胯)
↓
Waist(腰)
↓
Spine(脊柱)
↓
Hands(手)
This is the classical principle:
"The root is in the feet, issuing through the legs, controlled by the waist, and expressed through the fingers."
「其根在腳,發於腿,主宰於腰,形於手指。」
4. Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Power in Taijiquan never comes from the arms alone.
Every movement is produced by coordinated action of the whole body.
太極拳強調整體發力,而非局部用力。
Keywords(關鍵字)
- Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
- Kinetic Chain(動力鏈)
- Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
- Sequential Force Transmission(力量傳遞)
5. Footwork(腳法)
Correct footwork preserves both stability and mobility.
The Thirteen-Posture Routine primarily employs:
- Hook Foot(扣腳)
- Toe-Out Pivot(撇腳)
- Heel-Out Pivot(撇腳跟/以前腳掌為軸、腳跟外擺)
- Body Rotation(轉體)
- T-Stance(丁字步)
The purpose is not merely changing direction, but maintaining continuous rooting while preparing the next issuing of Jin.
腳法的目的不是改變方向,而是在保持落根的同時,準備下一次發勁。
6. Breathing(呼吸)
Breathing should always remain natural.
General principles are:
- Store Energy — Natural Inhalation(蓄勁自然吸氣)
- Issue Jin — Natural Exhalation(發勁自然呼氣)
- Neutralization — Continuous Breathing(引化呼吸不中斷)
- Closing Form — Return to Calm Breathing(收勢恢復自然呼吸)
Never hold the breath.
切勿憋氣。
7. Opening and Closing(開合)
Every movement contains both opening and closing.
Examples include:
- Opening within Closing(合中有開)
- Closing within Opening(開中有合)
- Shape Opens, Qi Closes(形開氣合)
- Shape Closes, Qi Opens(形合氣開)
These complementary actions ensure continuous internal connection.
8. Yin and Yang(陰陽)
All movements express the dynamic balance of Yin and Yang.
Examples include:
- Yin–Yang Hands(陰陽手)
- Empty and Solid(虛實)
- Advance and Retreat(進退)
- Opening and Closing(開合)
- Rising and Sinking(升降)
- Left and Right(左右)
True balance is created through continual transformation rather than static positions.
真正的陰陽,在於不斷轉化,而非固定不變。
9. Biomechanics(運動生物力學)
Modern biomechanics supports many classical Tai Chi principles.
Important concepts include:
- Ground Reaction Force(地面反作用力)
- Kinetic Chain(動力鏈)
- Torque(扭矩)
- Spiral Rotation(螺旋旋轉)
- Center of Gravity(重心)
- Elastic Energy(彈性能)
- Fascial Connection(筋膜連結)
These scientific concepts help explain traditional Taijiquan without replacing its classical theory.
10. Teaching Principles(教學原則)
An instructor should teach in the following order:
- Structure(架勢)
- Footwork(步法)
- Body Mechanics(身法)
- Breathing(呼吸)
- Jin Development(勁法)
- Martial Applications(技擊)
- Philosophy(拳理)
Students should first learn accuracy, then continuity, then relaxation, and finally internal power.
學習順序應為:先求正確,再求連貫;先求鬆柔,再求內勁。
Tai Chi Classics(拳論)
"Stand like a balanced scale; move like a turning wheel."
「立如平準,活似車輪。」
"When one part moves, every part moves."
「一動無有不動。」
"The waist is the commander."
「腰為主宰。」
"The mind directs the qi; the qi moves the body."
「以心行氣,以氣運身。」
Final Summary(總結)
The Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan is built upon four inseparable principles:
- Rooting(落根)
- Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
- Continuous Transformation(連續變化)
- Harmony of Mind, Qi, and Body(心、氣、身合一)
These principles unite the Eight Energies(八法), Five Steps(五步), martial applications, health cultivation, and philosophical foundations into one coherent system.
真正的太極拳,不只是學會十三個動作,而是理解十三勢背後的共同原理,做到「形隨意動、意隨氣行、氣隨身運、身心合一」。
我建議第十五章不要只是附錄,而是改成《Glossary of Technical Terms(太極拳術語中英對照)》,收錄約 250–300 個標準術語(如「掤、捋、擠、按、採、挒、肘、靠、扣腳、撇腳、攆腳、陰陽手、合抱、丁字步」等),作為 WTCCF 官方英文術語標準,方便全球各分會、裁判與教練統一使用。
我建議第15章不要只是附錄,而是將它做成WTCCF Official Glossary and Teaching Standards(世界太極拳總會官方術語與教學標準)。這一章將成為全球分會、教練、裁判及翻譯的共同標準。
WTCCF Instructor's Manual
Chapter 15
Official Glossary and Teaching Standards
第十五章 官方術語與教學標準
"A common language leads to a common understanding; a common standard leads to a common practice."
「術語一致,理解一致;標準一致,教學一致。」
This glossary establishes the official English terminology for the WTCCF Thirteen-Posture Taijiquan System.
本章建立世界太極拳總會十三式太極拳官方中英文術語,以利國際教學、裁判及教材統一。
1. Fundamental Concepts(基本概念)
English
中文
Taijiquan
太極拳
Thirteen Postures
十三勢
Eight Energies
八法
Five Steps
五步
Form
套路
Sequence
動作順序
Structure
架勢
Posture
姿勢
Technique
技法
Principle
原理
Application
技擊
Internal Training
內功
Health Cultivation
養生
2. The Eight Energies(八法)
English
中文
Peng
掤
Ward-off Energy
掤勁
Lü
捋
Roll-back Energy
捋勁
Ji
擠
Pressing Energy
擠勁
An
按
Pushing Energy
按勁
Cai
採
Plucking Energy
採勁
Lie
挒
Splitting Energy
挒勁
Zhou
肘
Elbow Energy
肘勁
Kao
靠
Shoulder Stroke
靠勁
3. The Five Steps(五步)
English
中文
Advance
進
Retreat
退
Look Left
顧
Look Right
盼
Central Equilibrium
定
4. Footwork(腳法)
English
中文
Bow Stance
弓步
T-Stance
丁字步
Empty Stance
虛步
Hook Foot
扣腳
Toe-Out Pivot
撇腳(腳尖外撇)
Heel-Out Pivot
撇腳跟(以前腳掌為軸,腳跟外擺)
Pivot
碾腳
Step Forward
上步
Step Back
退步
Draw in the Foot
收腳
Body Rotation
轉體
5. Body Mechanics(身法)
English
中文
Rooting
落根
Whole-body Integration
整體發力
Waist Rotation
腰旋
Kua Rotation
胯旋
Center of Gravity
重心
Weight Transfer
重心轉移
Ground Reaction Force
地面反作用力
Kinetic Chain
動力鏈
Spiral Force
螺旋勁
Torque
扭矩
6. Internal Training(內功)
English
中文
Qi
氣
Dantian
丹田
Intent
意
Spirit
神
Relaxation
鬆
Song
鬆沉
Sink
沉
Rise
升
Opening
開
Closing
合
7. Yin–Yang Concepts(陰陽觀念)
English
中文
Yin–Yang Hands
陰陽手
Embrace
合抱
Empty and Solid
虛實
Opening within Closing
合中有開
Closing within Opening
開中有合
Shape Opens, Qi Closes
形開氣合
Shape Closes, Qi Opens
形合氣開
8. Breathing(呼吸)
English
中文
Natural Breathing
自然呼吸
Abdominal Breathing
腹式呼吸
Inhalation
吸氣
Exhalation
呼氣
Fa Jin
發勁
Store Energy
蓄勁
Return Qi to the Dantian
收氣歸丹田
9. Teaching Commands(教學口令)
English
中文
Prepare
預備
Commence
起勢
Sink
沉身
Raise
平舉
Press Down
下按
Sit Back
後座
Turn Left
左轉
Turn Right
右轉
Left Embrace
左抱
Right Embrace
右抱
Raise Peng
上掤
Closing Form
收勢
10. Instructor's Teaching Standards(教練教學標準)
Every certified WTCCF instructor should emphasize:
每位世界太極拳總會教練均應重視:
Correct Structure(正確架勢)
Proper Footwork(正確步法)
Rooting(落根)
Whole-body Integration(整體發力)
Natural Breathing(自然呼吸)
Martial Understanding(技擊理解)
Internal Cultivation(內功修煉)
Continuous Improvement(持續精進)
Official Terminology Policy(官方術語標準)
For consistency in international instruction, the WTCCF adopts the following conventions:
為統一國際教學,世界太極拳總會採用以下術語:
Peng(掤) — not "Ward Off."
Lü(捋) — not "Rollback" as the primary term.
Ji(擠) — not "Push."
An(按) — not "Press" alone.
Use Pinyin together with descriptive English to preserve traditional terminology while ensuring international understanding.
Final Message(結語)
"The Thirteen Postures begin with form, mature through principle, and are perfected through lifelong practice."
「十三勢始於形,成於理,終於一生之修。」
"May this manual serve as a bridge connecting traditional Taijiquan with practitioners throughout the world."
「願本教材成為連結傳統太極拳與世界各國習拳者的橋樑。」
我還有一個更高層次的建議
如果這本書要作為 WTCCF 官方教材,建議不要停在第15章,而是在最後增加約 20–30 頁的附錄(Appendices),包括:
Appendix A:十三式完整口令(中英對照)
Appendix B:十三式方位圖(Direction Diagrams)
Appendix C:八法、五步與十三勢對照表
Appendix D:常見錯誤與修正方法
Appendix E:裁判評分標準(Judging Criteria)
Appendix F:教學進度建議(Teaching Progression)
如此一來,這本教材就不只是一本套路說明,而是可以直接作為世界太極拳總會(WTCCF)國際教練、裁判與分會培訓的官方標準教材。
溫賓熊主任整理錄音
口令皆為動詞,例如左抱:動左手而成左手下的陽手,不是放在左邊的抱,左右抱時即含收左右腳,手腳儘量同步。只有進入左攬雀尾(身轉180°後)的扣腳棚或扣腳採為後腳外,扣腳(向內)、撇腳(向外)均指前腳;只有「退步搭手 撇腳跟」外一律指腳尖,因此不指明前後腳或腳尖腳跟。在上棚前,如前腳未到位可於後座時微撇腳以調整以便上棚時面向正確又站得穩。左/右轉:陰陽手時身轉90°,其他的轉稱轉體。觀看影片時,請注意前腳和箭頭方向,二者大致同向。上棚前的後座,主為緩衝用,可不必做標準的後座動作。屬小架太極拳,二腳站正時為丁字步,約22.5°,以扣撇腳尖來調整角度(「退步搭手 撇腳跟」例外),而非如24式以推腳跟來調整。大字為口令聲音,中字為說明,小字為註解。
0.預備勢:調身、調息、調心。
0.起勢: 沉身→定左腳根→左轉(30°,碾右腳-並手)→ 回正→定右腳根-碾左腳→開左步(拉開雙手同時起身)→定雙腳根→沉身→ 平舉(升身)→墜肘→ 下按(同時沉身)→撇左腳 (成丁字步,身面亦同步轉成同向)→ 右抱→ 上R虛步
↓1. 右攬雀尾:掤(掤右手-左手置胯側-重心轉前腳,轉腰使身面朝前方位)→履(後座)→擠(前弓)→ 後座→ 前按(前弓) → 後座
扣腳 左轉→ 左抱→ 轉體 → 上步→*弓腿扣腳掤 *:如先扣R腳135°,則無須補扣R腳。
↑2. 左攬雀尾: →履 →擠 → 後座→ 前按 → 後座
a.扣左腳 右轉→ 右抱
→3. 右攬雀尾:掤 →履 →擠 → 後座→ 前按 → 後座
扣腳 左轉→ 左抱→ 轉體 → 上步→*弓腿扣腳掤
←4. 左攬雀尾: →履 →擠 → 後座→ 前按 → 後座
b.右抱→ 上右步
↖5. 進-右龍回頭:
採→ 後座 撇腳→ 左抱→ 挒→ 後座 撇腳→ 右抱→ 肘→ 靠→ 後座→上掤
↖6. 退-右攬雀尾: 退掤→ 退步履 扣腳→ 退步搭手 撇腳跟→按→ 小履→ 擠→ 後座
扣腳 左轉→ 左抱→轉體 → 上步→ 弓腿*扣腳採
↘7. 進-左龍回頭 :
後座 撇腳 →右抱→ 挒→ 後座 撇腳→左抱→ 肘→ 靠→ 後座→ 上掤
↘8. 退-左攬雀尾: 退掤 →退步履 扣腳→ 退步搭手 撇腳跟 →按→ 小履→ 擠→後座
a.扣22.5°腳 右轉→ 右抱身向正方位
↙9. 進-右龍回頭:
採前腳踩在角位→ 後座 撇腳前腳撇22.5°→ 左抱身向正方位→ 挒前腳踩在角位→ 後座 撇腳→ 右抱→ 肘→ 靠→ 後座→上掤
↙10. 退-右攬雀尾: 退掤→ 退步履 扣腳→ 退步搭手 撇腳跟→按→ 小履→擠→ 後座
扣腳 左轉→ 左抱→轉體 → 上步→弓腿*扣腳採
↗11. 進-左龍回頭:
後座 撇腳 →右抱→ 挒→ 後座 撇腳→左抱→ 肘→ 靠→ 後座→ 上掤
↗12. 退-左攬雀尾: 退掤 →退步履 扣腳→ 退步搭手 撇腳跟→按→ 小履→ 擠→ 後座
c.扣腳 轉體→ 收右腳
↓13. 收勢:開右步(雙手拉開)→ 沉身(雙手下畫圓)→ 合十字手,抱大氣球起身往上,LR胸前交,右手在外,掌面朝已→ 內蓋掌往內蓋使面朝下→開手,拉開雙→ 垂臂,下放雙手至胯前,曲膝重心放右腳→ 右轉→ 收左腳 同時回轉,→停起身成立正姿
結束
在實際學習前,請先了解或先練習下例資訊。
1.方位: ↑12時/北 角位 ↖10:30西北角 ↗1:30東北角
← 9時/西 →3時/東 (箭頭,採挒微偏內以外,即為面向及前腳尖向)
↓6時/南 ↙7:30西南角 ↘4:30東南角
2.四方式:掤、履、擠、按.。四角式:採、挒、肘、靠。五行:進、退、顧、盼、定。合而言之,曰十三式。
3.沉身:二腿與肩同寬,膝微彎,膝蓋對腳尖。
4.丁字步:二腳跟水平距離與肩同寬,前腳朝正方位或角位,另一腳向外45°。前後腳並非弓箭步關聯,而是前弓7:3與後座3:7之間的變換,無打直的狀況,膝蓋永不超過腳尖。步完成時,一定鼻、中心線、膝蓋、腳尖同方向。除採、肘、靠(中心線微偏向動作方)外,中心線對準所打的方位或角位。
5.扣:腳尖往內,而撇則往外,扣/撇原則上轉45°。扣的程度乃考慮到位時二腳的延長線恆為丁字步。
6. 陰陽手:狀似抓對方的前手臂樣,陽手稍高,即二手相距為人的肘到腕的距離且上下水平寬即為前手臂寬。
7. 合抱:手與腳的行動一致(左手隨左腳收回),腰也隨主角手的方向轉,因此,可用左/右抱之令而不用合抱。合抱完成上手在胸前,下手在丹田-臍下前。收腳是以胯帶動,即胯要動而非抬腳到前,因此腳尖幾乎貼地而移。須練成是本能動作。陰陽手加合抱就是捉對方的手下折。
① 合抱-右抱(右陽 陰陽手):左腳在前,左陽 陰陽手→收右腳使腳尖點地→順時轉手使呈右陽 陰陽手,同時腰隨主角-右手向左轉。
② 合抱-左抱(左陽 陰陽手):右腳在前,右陽 陰陽手→收左腳使腳尖點地→逆時轉手使呈左陽 陰陽手,同時腰隨主角-左手向右轉。
8. 轉體:口令當中,將左右轉定義為轉90°,轉體前的動作為擠,轉體全由腰執行。
①右攬的轉體:左手逆時畫小弧(狀似撩豆花)成左陽陰陽手*→ 轉體→ 右抱。有三種轉法:
a. 由↑轉→(1次)及↘轉↙ (1次):扣左腳45°同時翻L+陰陽手→右轉90° → 右抱(收R腳-順時轉手)
b. 由←轉↖(1次):直接右抱(收R腳-順時轉手) → 上右步(R手上提,上身右轉45°,準備作採)
c. 由↗轉↓(1次):扣左腳90°-身轉135°至正位,手呈雙峯灌耳勢-手掌朝前,→ 收右腳 成立正姿,手翻掌使中指對眉。亦有一直保持外掌之勢。→開右步,再翻外掌
②左攬的轉體:扣R腳(有二種扣法,如扣135°上步時不必再扣腳,如先扣90°上步時須再扣45°,本口令採用後法)
右手逆時畫小弧(狀似撩豆花)成右陽陰陽手-同時左轉90°。→左抱,收L腳-逆時轉手 → 轉體(L腳尖點地) → 上左步→ 弓L腿→扣R腳掤/採,陰陽手(狀似拉人手臂)往左方進行時稱左顧,合抱時逆時轉雙手(狀似折人手臂),身也隨左手往右轉稱右盼。
9. 攬雀尾
①方位
a.右攬:右為主角,右腳右手為攻(右腳為前腳,右手為主導者),故座左腿弓右腿,腰也要配合主角-右手而移動。
掤 合抱的右手直接往上移至胸前(檀中穴,掌微向外),左手下移至胯(指朝前微向下)。 →履 右手盪起翻掌順時畫圓(掌面朝下)-腰隨右手轉-左手翻掌(掌面朝上)上提,二手(抓對手的臂及手)往左下方拉至小腹前同時後座。→擠 雙手順時畫圓(腰隨手轉)至胸前在弓腿時往前擠。→後座 鬆開雙手,二掌朝下,墜肘(非收手)使掌面朝前。→前按 雙手朝前不動,上身前移。→ 後座。請練習到熟。
b.左攬:(和上述反向)左為主角,左腳左手為攻(左腳為前腳,左手為主導者),故座右腿弓左腿,腰也要配合主角-左手而移動。
弓腿 扣腳掤→履 左手翻掌逆時畫圓(掌面朝前下方)-腰隨左手轉-右手翻掌(掌面朝上)上提,二手(抓對手的臂及手)往右下方拉至小腹前同時後座。→擠 雙手逆時畫圓(腰隨手轉)至胸前在弓腿時往前擠。→後座,鬆開雙手,二掌朝下,墜肘(非收手)使掌面朝前。→前按 雙手朝前不動,上身前移。請練習到熟。
②角位:前腳一定要在角位,要進一步時先須將原在角位的前腳撇45°,後腳往前在角位落步,如此才會形成新的丁步。退步時先要將後腳扣45°至角位。
a.右攬: 在作「掤履按履擠」時仍以右為主角。右手陽的合抱→右手在胸前掌朝內上提
採,R前弓,重心隨採的動作而往前,右手往右45°往下採終至右手45°朝下,左手下降到臍下作按地狀 。→ 後座 憋右腳→ 左手陽的左抱(收L腳-逆時轉手)。→ 挒 (L前弓,右轉腰,似左手前去接對方的手肘,轉腰使右手下壓對方的手腕)。→ 後座 憋左腳→ 右手陽的右抱(收R腳-順時轉手)。→ 肘 上R步,右手畫圓(往上盪手將對方的飛拳在其肘處盪上,隨即用自已的R肘攻對方的腋下,重心前移,右拳幫忙前推)。→ 靠 重心轉6:4(即下沉一點),腰右轉-放右手(但不伸直-隨時可向外彈出攻擊)-左手亦順勢落到右上臂。→ 後座,左手逆時畫小弧,右手上提呈掤式。→上掤 收L腳成腳尖虛立(勿抬腳跟),將R手上拉至眉心,左手下拉(二手呈對拉勢)至胯邊(注意右膝仍微彎,未因掤手而直立)。 →退掤 退L腳,R手下降至檀中,重心後移。 →退右步履 扣左腳 盪舉L手, R手翻陽托L肘,L手順時下壓40°,扣L腳→退左步搭手 撇右腳跟 右手逆時畫圓搭到L手上。→(後座:在退步時身已在後,故無此口令,如無須補作) ,拉開雙手。→ 按→ 小履 轉腰雙手下移,右手翻掌,二手往左下方拉同時後座。和方位的履比較,方位履手有盪起大圈,此處手不必盪起小圈→ 擠 左手畫大圓右手畫小圓,前弓。→ 後座。
b.左攬
左手陽的合抱→左手在胸前掌朝內上提作採
→ 後座 撇左腳→ 右手陽的右抱(收R腳-順時轉手) 。 → 挒(R前弓,左轉腰)。→ 後座 撇右腳→ 左手陽的合抱(收L腳-逆時轉手)。→ 肘 上L步,左手畫圓。→ 靠 重心轉6:4(即下沉一點),腰左轉-放左手(但不伸直)-右手亦稍轉落到左上臂。→ 後座 右手順時畫小弧,左手上提呈掤式。→上掤,收R腳成腳尖虛立(勿抬腳跟),將L手上拉至眉心,右手下至胯邊(注意右膝仍微彎,未因掤手而直立)。→退掤 退R腳,L手下降至檀中,重心後移。 →退左步履 扣右腳,盪舉R手,L手翻陽托R肘,R手順時下壓40°,扣R腳。 →退右步搭手 撇左腳跟L手逆時畫圓搭到R手上。→ (後座)拉開雙手。→ 按→ 小履 雙手下移,左手翻掌,二手往右下方拉。 →擠 右手畫大圓左手畫小圓,前弓。→ 後座。
和方位作比較,此時的左右都可為主角,方位是在原地且為(掤)覆擠按。角位的進:(採)挒肘靠掤;角位的退:掤履按履擠。(要會背)
注意:
①先要了解動作的順序性,自當不必記先出何手或撇扣何腳。
②左右轉相交替,即左攬雀尾與右攬雀尾為交替進行。進入左攬雀尾只有一種,一律轉180°而調頭。進入右攬雀尾有三種。
③在角位有進退步,以前腳為主如前為右前腳,則必出右手,則必右手掌朝上,進步時均以合抱來改變手/腳的上下/前後,退步時則用「退步履 扣腳,退步搭手 撇腳跟」來進行。
10.下面的敘述是不完全正確,但為了讓初學者能易於進入狀況而如是說:掤(棚,手臂檔人/推人)、履(捛-雙手後下拉。用雙手粘住對方腕與上臂順其來勢向一側引,使對方來拳落空。)、擠(推擠)、按(雙手粘住對方腕/肘順勢向前用力),採(裁-單手下拉,採水果,chua-台語。用手指抓住對方肘或腕突然向下發勁)、挒(按人手臂把骨弄裂。旋轉對方關節)、肘(近身時用肘攻對方的的胸、肋、面等部位。)、靠(靠肩來攻擊,近身時用)。右攬雀尾:右邊攬孔雀的尾。
11.太極拳有深奧的意、形及功理,也是一種美舞,有其藝境,初學後宜找老師再指導。
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