ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

  國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Filipino sa kaliwa · English on the right

一、全身整勁，完整一體 Pinag-isang Lakas ng Buong Katawan  |  Whole-Body Integrated Power
FILIPINO • Ang buong katawan ay dapat kumilos bilang isang buo at magkakaugnay na yunit. • Ang lakas ay nag-uugat sa mga paa, nalilikha sa mga binti, pinamumunuan ng baywang, at naipapahayag hanggang sa mga daliri. • Hindi lumilikha ng lakas nang hiwalay ang mga kamay; ipinapahayag nila ang lakas ng buong katawan. Utos: I-ugat ang mga paa · Kumilos bilang isang buo · Umikot mula sa baywang.	ENGLISH • The whole body must move as one integrated unit. • Power is rooted in the feet, generated through the legs, directed by the waist, and expressed through the fingers. • The hands do not generate power independently; they express the power of the whole body. Commands: Root the feet · Move as one · Turn from the waist.

 

二、宋志堅老師：原空位與原體位 Orihinal na Puwang at Orihinal na Posisyon  |  Original Empty Position and Original Body Position

FILIPINO • Orihinal na Puwang（原空位）: Ang isang bahagi ng iyong katawan ay nananatili sa parehong puwesto sa espasyo. Maaari itong hawak ng kapareha o nakadikit lamang sa kanya. • Habang hindi gumagalaw ang orihinal na puntong iyon, imaniobra ang lahat ng ibang bahagi ng katawan sa paligid nito. • Orihinal na Posisyon ng Katawan（原體位）: Walang bahagi ng katawan ang kumikilos nang hiwalay sa mga binti. • Ang mga paa, binti, kua, baywang, katawan, braso, kamay, at mga daliri ay gumagalaw bilang isang pinagsamang kabuuan. Panatilihin ang orihinal na punto; imaniobra ang iba pang bahagi bilang isang buo.

ENGLISH • Original Spatial Position（原空位）: One part of your body remains in the same spatial position. It may be held by the partner or simply kept in contact. • While that original point remains in place, maneuver all other parts of the body around it. • Original Body Position（原體位）: No part of the body moves separately from the legs. • The feet, legs, kua, waist, torso, arms, hands, and fingers move as one integrated whole. Keep the original point in place; maneuver the rest of the body as one integrated whole.

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Tatlong Prinsipyo ni Grandmaster Cheng Man-ch’ing · Three Principles

三之一、美人掌 Palad ng Marikit na Binibini  |  Beautiful Lady’s Hand
FILIPINO • Panatilihing likas na nakabukas at maluwag ang palad. • Bahagyang magkakahiwalay ang mga daliri—hindi matigas at hindi nakalaylay. • Panatilihing bukas at nakahanay ang pulsuhan upang makarating sa mga daliri ang lakas ng buong katawan. • Huwag kumuyom o humawak nang maaga. Susi: Maluwag, buhay, sensitibo, at konektado.	ENGLISH • Keep the palm naturally extended and relaxed. • The fingers are gently separated—neither stiff nor collapsed. • Keep the wrist open and aligned so whole-body power can reach the fingertips. • Do not clench or grab prematurely. Key: Relaxed, alive, sensitive, and connected.

 

三之二、太極不動手 Hindi Kumikilos nang Hiwalay ang mga Braso  |  The Arms Do Not Act Independently
FILIPINO • Tila kumikilos ang mga braso, ngunit hindi sila dapat magsimula ng galaw nang hiwalay. • Ang kilos ay nagsisimula sa mga paa at binti, pinag-uugnay ng baywang at kua, at saka ipinapahayag sa mga kamay. • Iwasan ang paghila gamit lamang ang mga braso at ang pagtulak gamit lamang ang balikat. Utos: Hayaang manguna ang baywang; sumunod ang mga kamay sa katawan.	ENGLISH • The arms appear to move, but they must not initiate movement independently. • Movement begins in the feet and legs, is coordinated by the waist and kua, and is expressed through the hands. • Avoid pulling with the arms alone or pushing with shoulder strength. Command: Let the waist lead; let the hands follow the body.

 

三之三、吃虧就是佔便宜 Tanggapin ang Pagkatalo Upang Matuto  |  Invest in Loss — To Lose Is to Gain
FILIPINO • Isantabi ang agarang pagnanais na manalo upang matutuhan ang pagluluwag, pagiging sensitibo, tamang tiyempo, at wastong estruktura. • Unawain kung bakit nasira ang iyong balanse, itama ang estruktura, at subukang muli. • Hindi nito ibig sabihin na tanggapin ang pinsala o mapanganib na pagsasanay. Maaaring matalo sa pagsubok, ngunit makamit ang tunay na kasanayan.	ENGLISH • Give up the immediate desire to win so you can learn relaxation, sensitivity, timing, and correct structure. • Understand why your balance was broken, correct your structure, and try again. • It does not mean accepting injury or unsafe practice. Lose the contest; gain the skill.

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Apat na Paraan ng Paggamit ng Puwersa · Four Ways of Using Force

四之一、重力 Puwersa ng Grabidad  |  Gravitational Force
FILIPINO • Luwagan ang hindi kailangang paninigas at hayaang natural na bumaba ang bigat ng katawan. • Ang paglubog ay hindi pagbagsak; manatiling tuwid, konektado, at suportado. • Kapag nakataas ang mga kamay, natural silang bababa dahil sa grabidad; gamitin lamang ang isip upang kontrolin ang bilis ng pagbaba. Utos: Hayaang magpababa ang grabidad; kontrolin ng isip ang bilis.	ENGLISH • Release unnecessary tension and allow body weight to settle naturally. • Sinking does not mean collapsing; remain upright, connected, and supported. • When your hands are raised, they naturally lower with gravity; use the mind only to control the speed of their descent. Command: Let gravity lower the hands; let the mind control the speed.

 

四之二、旋轉力 Puwersa ng Pag-ikot  |  Rotational Force

FILIPINO • Ang pag-ikot ay nagmumula sa magkakaugnay na paggalaw ng paa, binti, kua, baywang, katawan, at braso. • Mas mahusay na naililihis ng paikot na landas ang puwersa kaysa sa direktang pagsalungat. • Mahalaga ito sa paglihis, pagbabago ng direksiyon, at pagpapalabas ng lakas. * Kapag iniikot ang katawan, huwag hayaang bumagsak, magsara, o magpilipit nang magkasama ang mga kua（mga kasukasuan ng balakang）. Panatilihing bukas, maluwag, at magkahiwalay ang mga ito. Utos: Umikot bilang isang buo.  Panatilihing bukas ang mga kua—huwag bumagsak o magpilipit!

ENGLISH • Rotation comes from coordinated movement of the feet, legs, kua, waist, torso, and arms. • A circular path redirects force more efficiently than direct opposition. • It is essential for neutralizing, redirecting, and issuing. * When rotating the body, do not allow the kua (hip joints) to collapse inward, close, or twist together. Keep them open, relaxed, and clearly separated. Command: Turn as one unit. Keep the kua open—do not collapse or twist them together!

 

四之三、反作用力 Puwersa ng Reaksiyon mula sa Lupa  |  Ground Reaction Force

FILIPINO • Kapag lumulubog ang katawan, ang mga kamay ay likas na umaangat bilang reaksiyon ng pinag-isang estruktura. • Hindi dapat sadyang itaas ang mga kamay gamit ang lakas ng braso. • Ang paglubog ng katawan at pag-angat ng mga kamay ay dalawang magkaugnay na bahagi ng iisang buong-katawang kilos. Kapag nagtutulak, humihila, nagsasagawa ng Lu (Rollback), Ji (Press), Zhou (Elbow), o Kao (Shoulder/Body Strike), gamitin ang ground reaction force na dumadaloy sa buong katawan, sa halip na gumamit lamang ng lokal na lakas ng mga braso o balikat. Utos: Palubugin ang katawan; hayaang natural na umangat ang mga kamay. Gamitin ang puwersa mula sa lupa—huwag ang hiwalay na lakas ng mga braso!

ENGLISH • When you sink the body, the hands naturally rise through the reaction of the integrated structure. • Do not deliberately lift the hands with isolated arm strength. • The sinking of the body and the rising of the hands are connected parts of one whole-body action. When pushing, pulling, or applying Lu (Rollback), Ji (Press), Zhou (Elbow), or Kao (Shoulder/Body Strike), use ground reaction force transmitted through the whole body, rather than isolated muscular force from the arms or shoulders. Command: Sink the body; let the hands rise naturally. Use force from the ground—not isolated arm strength!

 

 

四之四、趁勢前進 Pagsunod sa Natitirang Momentum  |  Following Through with Residual Momentum

FILIPINO • Sa mga kilos tulad ng pag-ikot, pagtulak, paghila, at Lu（rollback）, may natitirang momentum na sumusunod sa pangunahing puwersa. • Kapag sapat ang iyong pagluluwag, ang kasunod na puwersa ay likas na magpapatuloy sa direksiyon ng pangunahing puwersa. • Huwag putulin o pilitin ang galaw; hayaang magpatuloy ang momentum at kontrolin ito sa pamamagitan ng isip. Utos: Huwag putulin ang galaw; sundan ang natitirang momentum.

ENGLISH • During rotation and reaction-based actions—such as pushing, pulling, and Lu (rollback)—residual momentum follows the main force. • When you are sufficiently relaxed, this following force naturally continues in the direction established by the main force. • Do not interrupt or force the movement; allow the momentum to continue and regulate it with the mind. Command: Do not interrupt the movement; follow through with the residual momentum.

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

5. Limang Prinsipyo ng Push Hands · Five Principles of Push Hands

沾 Magtatag ng Pagdikit  |  Make Contact
FILIPINO • Magtatag ng magaan at sensitibong pagdikit upang madama ang direksiyon, presyon, at layunin. • Huwag agad humampas, humawak, o dumiin. Dumikit nang walang paninigas.	ENGLISH • Establish light, sensitive contact to sense direction, pressure, and intention. • Do not strike, grab, or press prematurely. Touch without tension.

 

黏 Manatiling Nakadikit sa Puwersa  |  Adhere to the Force
FILIPINO • Panatilihin ang pagdikit nang hindi kumakapit nang mahigpit o naninigas. • Kumonekta sa puwersa, hindi lamang sa ibabaw ng braso. Manatiling nakadikit nang hindi mahigpit na humahawak.	ENGLISH • Maintain contact without clinging or stiffening. • Adhere to the partner’s force, not merely to the surface of the arm. Adhere without grabbing.

 

連 Panatilihin ang Tuloy-tuloy na Ugnayan  |  Maintain Continuous Connection
FILIPINO • Huwag putulin ang ugnayan kapag nagbabago ang direksiyon o pamamaraan. • Likas na iugnay ang isang pamamaraan sa kasunod. Panatilihin ang ugnayan nang walang pagkaputol.	ENGLISH • Do not interrupt the connection when direction or technique changes. • Connect one technique naturally to the next. Connect without interruption.

 

隨 Sumunod sa Kapareha  |  Follow the Partner
FILIPINO • Sundan ang pagbabago ng kapareha nang hindi iniiwan ang sariling sentro. • Umangkop sa bilis, direksiyon, presyon, at distansiya. Sumunod nang hindi nawawala ang sentro.	ENGLISH • Follow the partner’s changes without abandoning your center. • Adapt to speed, direction, pressure, and distance. Follow without losing your center.

 

不丟不頂 Huwag Bumitaw at Huwag Sumalungat  |  Neither Disconnect nor Resist
FILIPINO • Huwag mawalan ng pagdikit o umatras nang labis. • Huwag direktang sumalungat o tumbasan ng lakas ang lakas. • Patuloy na iangkop ang presyon ng pagdikit ayon sa galaw ng kapareha. Hindi kulang at hindi labis.	ENGLISH • Do not lose contact or withdraw too far. • Do not oppose force directly with force. • Continuously adjust contact pressure according to the partner’s movement. Not too little, not too much.

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Buod ng Pagsasanay · Practice Summary

指定推手對練總則 Pangkalahatang Prinsipyo ng Pagsasanay  |  General Practice Principles

FILIPINO • Magsanay muna nang may pagtutulungan bago dagdagan ang bilis o pagtutol. • Panatilihin ang pagkakaugnay ng buong katawan at huwag gumamit lamang ng lakas ng mga braso. • Panatilihin ang sariling sentro habang dinarama ang sentro ng kapareha. • Sundan muna ang galaw bago subukang kontrolin ito. • Gamitin nang wasto ang grabidad, pag-ikot, reaksiyon mula sa lupa, at momentum. • Ituring ang bawat pagkawala ng balanse bilang pagkakataong matuto. • Hindi dapat sadyang manakit, manggulat, o gumamit ng labis na lakas ang sinumang kapareha. 沾、黏、連、隨；不丟不頂。

ENGLISH • Practice cooperatively before increasing speed or resistance. • Preserve whole-body connection and do not use isolated arm strength. • Maintain your center while sensing your partner’s center. • Follow the movement before attempting to control it. • Use gravity, rotation, ground reaction, and momentum appropriately. • Treat every loss of balance as an opportunity to learn. • Neither partner should deliberately injure, surprise, or overpower the other. Connect, adhere, continue, and follow—without disconnecting or resisting.

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

ITINAKDANG MAGKAPAREHANG ROUTINE SA PUSH HANDS · DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PAIRED ROUTINE

指定推手對練：技術動作及圖解說明 Teknikal na Galaw at mga Paliwanag na may Larawan  |  Technical Movements and Illustrated Explanations
FILIPINO • Ang bawat set ay isinasagawa nang salitan ng Manlalaro A（甲）at Manlalaro B（乙）. • Panatilihin ang buong-katawang koneksiyon, tamang sentro, ligtas na distansiya, at tuloy-tuloy na pagdikit. • Ang mga terminong Peng, Lu, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou at Kao ay pinananatili bilang pamantayang katawagan ng Taijiquan. Pamagat sa Filipino: Itinakdang Magkaparehang Routine sa Push Hands.	ENGLISH • Each set is performed through reciprocal exchange by Athlete A（甲）and Athlete B（乙）. • Maintain whole-body connection, correct center, safe distance, and continuous contact. • The terms Peng, Lu, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, and Kao are retained as standard Taijiquan terminology. Filipino title: Designated Push-Hands Paired Routine.

 

示範資料 Mga Materyal na Demonstrasyon  |  Demonstration Resources
FILIPINO • Para sa mga larawang demonstrasyon, bisitahin: https://masterwutaiji.blogspot.com/2026/04/designated-push-hands-paired.html • Para sa demonstrasyong video, bisitahin: https://www.facebook.com/reel/841428815012748 Maaaring buksan ang mga link habang ginagamit ang digital na kopya ng manwal.	ENGLISH • To view the demonstration pictures, visit: Designated Push-Hands Paired Routine Technical Movements and Illustrated Explanations Demo Designated Push-Hands Paired Routine260327 • To view the video demonstration, visit: Fixed-Pattern Push Hands （All) Demo The links may be opened while using the digital copy of the manual.

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Set 1. Paraan ng Pagdikit at Pagkapit · Set 1. Sticking and Adhering Method

第一套：沾黏法

#	FILIPINO		ENGLISH
Hakbang	Manlalaro A（甲）	Manlalaro B（乙）	Athlete A（甲）	Athlete B（乙）	Command No for B.
1	Pagpupugay na Kamao–Palad	Pagpupugay na Kamao–Palad	Fist–Palm Salute	Fist–Palm Salute	Salute
2	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Gongbu Hand Connection	Gongbu Hand Connection
3	Dobleng An	Kanang Peng; dumidikit ang kaliwang kamay sa kanang siko ni A	Double An	Right Peng; left hand adheres to A’s right elbow
4	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Umatras → Panatilihin ang Peng	Advance → Continue An	Retreat → Maintain Peng	1
5-1	Sundan ang momentum; ikot ng baywang → Kanang Peng–Kao. Panatilihin ang kaliwang kamay sa orihinal nitong puwesto sa espasyo.	Sundan ang momentum → Lu → ikot ng baywang	Follow the momentum; rotate the waist → Right Peng–Kao; keep the left hand in its original spatial position.	Follow the momentum → Lu	2
5-2	Ipagpatuloy ang Peng–Kao; ang kaliwang kamay ay lumalabas nang hindi hihigit sa 90°, palad pababa	Cai	Continue Right Peng–Kao; left hand moves outward no more than 90°, palm down	→ rotate the waist Cai	3
6	Bumalik → Peng sa orihinal na posisyon	Bumalik → Dobleng An	Return → Peng in original body position	Return →Double An	4
7	Umatras → Panatilihin ang Peng	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Retreat → Maintain Peng	Advance → Continue An
8	Lu → Cai	Kanang Peng–Kao	Lu → Cai	Right Peng–Kao
9	Bumalik sa gitnang hanay → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Bumalik sa gitnang hanay → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Return to center alignment → Gongbu Hand Connection	Return to center alignment → Gongbu Hand Connection

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Set 2. Paraan ng Panlabas na Pagsalo at Pagkonekta · Set 2. Outer Connecting Method

第二套：外承接法

#	FILIPINO		ENGLISH
Hakbang	Manlalaro A（甲）	Manlalaro B（乙）	Athlete A（甲）	Athlete B（乙）	Command No. for B
1	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Gongbu Hand Connection	Gongbu Hand Connection
2	Dobleng An	Kanang Peng	Double An	Right Peng
3	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Umatras → Panatilihin ang Peng	Advance → Continue An	Retreat → Maintain Peng
4-1	Kanang Peng–Kao	Lu → Cai	Right Peng–Kao	Lu →left hand Cai at the elbow	1
4-2	Ipagpatuloy ang Peng–Kao; kaliwang kamay palabas nang hindi hihigit sa 90°, palad pababa	Ipagpatuloy ang Cai	Continue Right Peng–Kao; left hand outward no more than 90°, palm down	Continue right hand Cai at  the wrist	2
5	Umatras → Gilid na Peng	Sumulong → Magpalabas sa siko at pulsuhan	Retreat → Side Peng	Advance diagonally → Issue at elbow and wrist, left hand leads	3
6	Ipagpatuloy ang pag-atras → Gilid na Peng	Pagdugtungin ang mga Tiger Mouth sa siko → Magpalabas	Continue retreating → Side Peng	Join Tiger Mouths at elbow → Issue, right hand leads.	4
7	Paitaas na Peng	Dumikit sa balikat → Magpalabas	Upward Peng	Contact shoulder → Issue (left hand)	5
8	Kanang Jia（架）at ikot → Kaliwang Tuo（托）sa siko	Itulak ang siko paitaas	Right Jia (Brace) and rotate → Left Tuo (Upward Support) at elbow and left hand cai	Direct elbow upward
9	Ibaba ang siko → lumubog pabalik sa Lu → Cai	Kanang Peng–Kao	Drop elbow → sink back to Lu → right hand Cai	Right Peng–Kao
10	Sumulong → Magpalabas sa siko at pulsuhan	Umatras → Gilid na Peng	Advance → Issue at elbow and wrist	Retreat → Side Peng
11	Pagdugtungin ang mga Tiger Mouth sa siko → Magpalabas	Ipagpatuloy ang Gilid na Peng	Join Tiger Mouths at elbow → Issue	Continue Side Peng
12	Dumikit sa balikat → Magpalabas	Paitaas na Jia（架）	Contact shoulder → Issue	Upward Jia (Brace)
13	Itulak ang siko paitaas	Ipagpatuloy ang Jia; umikot at kumonekta sa siko ni A	Direct elbow upward	Continue Brace; rotate and connect with A’s elbow
14	Kanang Gilid na Peng–Kao; kaliwang kamay palabas nang hindi hihigit sa 90°, palad pababa	Ibaba ang siko → lumipat sa Lu → Cai	Right Side Peng–Kao; left hand outward no more than 90°, palm down	Drop elbow → transition to Lu → Cai
15	Bumalik sa gitnang hanay → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Bumalik sa gitnang hanay → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Return to center alignment → Gongbu Hand Connection	Return to center alignment → Gongbu Hand Connection

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Set 3. Paraan ng Panloob na Pagsalo at Pagkonekta · Set 3. Inner Connecting Method

第三套：內承接法——內外承接，虛實變換的圓融之道

#	FILIPINO		ENGLISH
Hakbang	Manlalaro A（甲）	Manlalaro B（乙）	Athlete A（甲）	Athlete B（乙）	Command No. for B
1	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Gongbu Hand Connection	Gongbu Hand Connection
2	Dobleng An	Kanang Peng; kaliwang kamay dumidikit sa siko ni A	Double An	Right Peng; left hand adheres to A’s elbow
3	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Umatras → Panatilihin ang Peng	Advance → Continue An	Retreat → Maintain Peng
4-1	Kanang Peng–Kao	Lu → Cai	Right Peng–Kao	Lu → Right hand Cai at the wrist	1
4-2	Ipagpatuloy ang Peng–Kao; kaliwang kamay palabas nang hindi hihigit sa 90°, palad pababa	Ipagpatuloy ang Cai	Continue Right Peng–Kao; left hand outward no more than 90°, palm down	Continue with left hand Cai at the elbow	2
5	Ipagpatuloy ang Peng–Kao	Panloob na pagkonekta: pulsuhan, siko, at itaas na braso	Continue Peng–Kao	Inner Connecting at inner side of the  upper arm	3
6	Ipagpatuloy ang ikot → Peng–Kao	Magaan at tumutugong pagdikit ng kaliwang mga daliri sa gulugod ni A	Continue turning → Peng–Kao	Left fingers make light, responsive contact along A’s spine	4
7	Ikot ng balikat → Peng–Kao	Magaan na pagdikit ng kaliwang mga daliri sa kaliwang balikat ni A	Turn shoulder → Peng–Kao	Left fingers make light contact with A’s left shoulder	5
8	Magsimulang umikot pabalik	Bumalik ang kaliwang kamay sa kanang balikat ni A	Begin to turn back	Left hand returns to A’s right shoulder	6
9	Ipagpatuloy ang pag-ikot pabalik	Ipagpatuloy ang pagdikit sa kanang balikat ni A	Continue turning back	Maintain contact with A’s right shoulder
10	Bumalik → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Bumalik ang kamay sa siko ni A	Return → Gongbu Hand Connection	Return hand to A’s elbow Gongbu Hand Connection	7–8
11	Kanang Peng; kaliwang kamay dumidikit sa siko ni B	An	Right Peng; left hand adheres to B’s elbow	An
12	Umatras → Panatilihin ang Peng	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Retreat → Maintain Peng	Advance → Continue An
13-1	Lu → Cai	Kanang Peng–Kao	Lu → Cai	Right Peng–Kao
13-2	Ipagpatuloy ang Cai	Ipagpatuloy ang Peng–Kao; kaliwang kamay palabas nang hindi hihigit sa 90°, palad pababa	Continue Cai	Continue Peng–Kao; left hand outward no more than 90°, palm down
14	Panloob na pagkonekta: pulsuhan, siko, at itaas na braso	Ipagpatuloy ang ikot → Peng–Kao; kaliwang palad pababa	Inner Connecting: wrist, elbow, and upper arm	Continue turning → Peng–Kao; left palm remains down
15	Magaan na pagdikit ng kaliwang mga daliri sa gulugod ni B	Ipagpatuloy ang ikot → Peng–Kao; kaliwang palad pababa	Left fingers make light contact along B’s spine	Continue turning → Peng–Kao; left palm remains down
16	Magaan na pagdikit ng kaliwang mga daliri sa kaliwang balikat ni B	Ikot ng balikat; kaliwang palad pababa habang umuupo at lumulubog ang kua	Left fingers make light contact with B’s left shoulder	Turn shoulder; left palm remains down as the kua sits and sinks
17	Bumalik ang kaliwang kamay sa kanang balikat ni B	Umikot pabalik	Left hand returns to B’s right shoulder	Turn back
18	Bumalik ang kaliwang kamay sa siko ni B	Ipagpatuloy ang pag-ikot	Left hand returns to B’s elbow	Continue turning
19	Bumalik → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Bumalik → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Return → Gongbu Hand Connection	Return → Gongbu Hand Connection

 

 

國際太極拳聯盟總會與菲律賓分會合辦

ITINAKDANG PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

DESIGNATED PUSH-HANDS PARTNER PRACTICE MANUAL

Set 4. Walong Paraan（Ba Fa） · Set 4. Eight Methods（Ba Fa）

第四套：八法

#	FILIPINO		ENGLISH
Hakbang	Manlalaro A（甲）	Manlalaro B（乙）	Athlete A（甲）	Athlete B（乙）	Command No. for B
1	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Gongbu Hand Connection	Gongbu Hand Connection
2	Dobleng An	Kanang Peng	Double An	Right Peng
3	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Umatras na may kanang Chest Peng; kaliwang kamay nananatili sa orihinal na puwang	Advance → Continue An	Retreat with right Chest Peng; left hand remains in original spatial position	1
4	Kanang Peng–Kao; gumagalaw ang kaliwang braso kasabay ng katawan, palad pababa	Dobleng Lu: patayong Lu ng kaliwang bisig sa siko; kanang kamay umatras sa Chest Peng	Right Peng–Kao; left arm moves with the body, palm down	Double Lu: left forearm performs Vertical Lu at elbow; right hand remains Chest Peng	2
5	Umikot pabalik sa gitna → Dobleng Ji	Han Xiong（含胸）gamit ang kanang kamay; kaliwang kamay bumababa at dumidikit sa kaliwang pulsuhan ni A	Turn back to center → Double Ji	Contain the chest with right hand; left hand falls to adhere to A’s left wrist	3
6	Kaliwang Peng–Kao; gumagalaw ang kanang braso kasabay ng katawan, palad pababa	Kaliwang Cai; kanang kamay at siko nananatiling nakadikit sa katawan → Body Lie	Left Peng–Kao; right arm moves with the body, palm down	Left Cai; right hand and elbow remain adhered to body → Body Lie	4
7	Kaliwang Peng	An	Left Peng	An	5
8	Chest Peng	Sumulong → Ipagpatuloy ang An	Chest Peng	Advance → Continue An
9	Dobleng Lu	Kaliwang Peng–Kao	Double Lu	Left Peng–Kao
10	Han Xiong（含胸）	Dobleng Ji	Contain the Chest	Double Ji
11	Kanang Cai; kaliwang kamay at siko nakadikit sa katawan → Body Lie	Kanang Peng–Kao; kaliwang kamay palabas nang hindi hihigit sa 90°, palad pababa	Right Cai; left hand and elbow remain adhered to body → Body Lie	Right Peng–Kao; left hand outward no more than 90°, palm down
12	Bumalik sa gitnang hanay → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Bumalik sa gitnang hanay → Pagdikit ng mga Kamay sa Gongbu	Return to center alignment → Gongbu Hand Connection	Return to center alignment → Gongbu Hand Connection
13	Isara ang tindig	Isara ang tindig	Close Stance	Close Stance
14	Ibaba ang mga kamay	Ibaba ang mga kamay	Lower Hands	Lower Hands
15	Pagpupugay na Kamao–Palad	Pagpupugay na Kamao–Palad	Fist–Palm Salute	Fist–Palm Salute

 

競賽循環規定 Tala sa Paulit-ulit na Pagganap  |  Competition Cycle Note
FILIPINO • Ang lahat ng set ay dapat isagawa sa salit-salitang pagpapalitan ng mga tungkulin sa loob ng tatlong kumpletong siklo, alinsunod sa Pangkalahatang Tuntunin ng Paligsahan. Unahin ang katumpakan, kaligtasan, at tuloy-tuloy na koneksiyon bago dagdagan ang bilis.	ENGLISH • All sets shall be performed through reciprocal exchange for three complete cycles in accordance with the General Competition Rules. Prioritize accuracy, safety, and continuous connection before increasing speed.

 

APPENDIX A

Official Terminology Glossary

(Designated Push-Hands Routine – Sets 1–4)

A.1 Fist–Palm Salute

Chinese: 抱拳禮 Pinyin: Bào Quán Lǐ

A traditional martial greeting in which the right hand forms a fist covered by the left palm at chest level, expressing respect before and after performance. Feet should be in parallel stance, shoulder width apart.

A.2 Gongbu Hand Connection

Chinese: 弓步搭手 Pinyin: Gōng Bù Dā Shǒu

Both athletes establish structured contact in Bow Stance (Gongbu), defined by front leg bent and rear leg sitting (前弓後坐). The posture maintains root, alignment, and forward intent through the wrists, while the internal state remains neutral (Wuji), without bias or commitment of force. This serves as the starting point for each set.

A.3 Double An

Chinese: 雙按 Pinyin: Shuāng Àn

A simultaneous two-hand pushing action directed forward, generated through coordinated forward movement of the kua and rear-leg drive while maintaining structural alignment.

A.3-2 Original Body Position

Chinese: 原體位
Pinyin: yuán tǐ wèi

The relative position of a body part in relation to the body’s structure, maintained without independent or isolated movement. The limb may move, but only as a result of the body’s movement, preserving structural connection and coordination.

 

A.4 Peng

Chinese: 掤 Pinyin: Péng

An expansive, buoyant structural energy that maintains outward integrity in all directions without stiffness or collapse.

A.5 Advance → Continue An

Chinese: 進步連按 Pinyin: Jìn Bù Lián Àn

Stepping forward while maintaining continuous pushing force generated through coordinated forward movement of the kua and rear leg.

A.6 Retreat → Maintain Peng

Chinese: 退步掤 Pinyin: Tuì Bù Péng

Shifting weight backward while preserving structural expansion and uninterrupted contact.

A.7 Right Peng–Kao

Chinese: 右掤靠Pinyin: Yòu Péng Kào

A combined Ward-Off and Shoulder technique executed on the right side, in which expansive Peng structure transitions into Kao through coordinated leg drive and integrated body alignment, using the forearm, upper arm, or shoulder as the primary contact surface.

A.8 Lu

Chinese: 捋 Pinyin: Lǚ

Lu is the method of following and adhering to incoming force, then redirecting it through a circular rolling action that leads the force away from the centerline. The redirection is achieved through coordinated whole-body integration, which may involve spiral rotation or linear adjustment, without breaking contact or collapsing structure.

A.9 Cai

Chinese: 採Pinyin: Cǎi

A downward and backward diagonal spiraling plucking action that disrupts the opponent’s balance by drawing force off its root through coordinated body integration and forearm control.

A.10 Return to Center Alignment

Chinese: 回正Pinyin: Huí Zhèng

Re-establishing neutral structural alignment and balanced weight distribution while maintaining contact.

A.11 Side Peng

Chinese: 側掤 Pinyin: Cè Péng

A lateral Ward-Off structure expressed to the side through coordinated body alignment and sideward expansion. It may be executed with or without forward stepping and may include waist rotation, while maintaining structural integrity and outward buoyancy.

A.12 Upward Peng

Chinese: 上掤 Pinyin: Shàng Péng

A rising Ward-Off action that lifts or redirects force upward using structural expansion.

A.13  Upward Brace (Jia)

Chinese: 架 Pinyin: Jià

An upward intercepting action using forearm structure to lift or block the opponent’s force.

A.14 Tuo (Cupping Support)

Chinese: 托 Pinyin: Tuō

An upward supporting motion cupping beneath the opponent’s elbow or arm driven by coordinated structural lift.

A.15 Issue (Issuing Force)

Chinese: 發勁 Pinyin: Fā Jìn

The controlled release of force generated through coordinated leg drive and whole-body integration, with or without spiral waist rotation, delivered through unified structural alignment.

A.16 Join Tiger Mouths at the Elbow

Chinese: 合虎口Pinyin: Hé Hǔ Kǒu

Bringing both hands together so that the tiger mouths (the web between thumb and index finger) are aligned upward and positioned at the opponent’s elbow, establishing stable structural control without gripping or squeezing.

A.17 Contact Shoulder

Chinese: 搭肩Pinyin: Dā Jiān

Establishing palm contact at the opponent’s shoulder as a transitional control point.

A.18 Direct Elbow Upward

Chinese: 上送肘Pinyin: Shàng Sòng Zhǒu

Guiding the opponent’s elbow upward using coordinated lifting structure.

A.19 Inner Connecting

Chinese: 內承接 Pinyin: Nèi Chéng Jiē

An inner connecting method in which one hand, with the five fingers aligned and extended, establishes structured contact along the inner side of the opponent’s upper arm, while the other hand lightly adheres to the opponent’s elbow and may transition smoothly to other control points along the opponent’s arm or body.

A.20 Turn Shoulder

Chinese: 轉肩 Pinyin: Zhuǎn Jiān

Rotational expansion of the shoulder girdle driven by waist movement.

A.21 Turn Back

Chinese: 轉回 Pinyin: Zhuǎn Huí

Reversing rotational direction through waist coordination while maintaining structural integrity.

A.22. Kua

Chinese: 胯 Pinyin: kuà

Kua refers to the lower part of the human torso where the legs join the groin and hip bone. In taichi, the kua is deemed as a functional "gateway" crucial for power and balance.

A.22 Bo (撥) – Responsive Deflecting Contact

Chinese: 撥  Pinyin: bō

A light, responsive contact applied through the fingers or hand, involving subtle redirection and adjustment in accordance with the body’s movement. It is not an independent force, but a supporting action that maintains connection and follows the same rotational direction.

A.23 Contact Elbow

Chinese: 搭肘 Pinyin: Dā Zhǒu

Establishing contact at the opponent’s elbow joint for structural control.

A. 23-2 Original Spatial Position

Chinese: 原空位（空間定位）
Pinyin: yuán kōng wèi (kōng jiān dìng wèi)

A reference point in space corresponding to a specific part of the body—such as a fingertip, wrist, elbow, shoulder, or other key point—that remains fixed relative to space while other parts of the body move. This point may be externally visible or internally perceived, and serves as a stable anchor for coordination, control, and structural integrity during movement.

 

A.24 Double Ji

Chinese: 雙擠 Pinyin: Shuāng Jǐ

A two-hand pushing or squeezing action directed forward along the centerline.

 

A.25 Chest Peng

Chinese: 胸掤 Pinyin: Xiōng Péng

An expansive ward-off expressed through the chest and upper torso without leaning.

A.26 Double Lu

Chinese: 雙捋 Pinyin: Shuāng Lǚ

A simultaneous two-point rollback action using forearm and elbow structure.

A.27 Contain the Chest

Chinese: 含胸 Pinyin: Hán Xiōng

A controlled inward containment of the chest structure used to neutralize force without collapse.

A.28 Stick to the Wrist

Chinese: 黏腕 Pinyin: Nián Wàn

Maintaining adhesive contact at the opponent’s wrist to preserve sensitivity and control.

A.29 Body Lie

Chinese: 身挒 Pinyin: Shēn Liè

A diagonal splitting force generated through waist rotation, expressing expansion in opposing directions.

A.30 Close Stance

Chinese: 收步 Pinyin: Shōu Bù

Drawing the rear foot inward to align both feet in preparation for completion.

A.31 Lower Hands

Chinese: 收手下落 Pinyin: Shōu Shǒu Xià Luò

Lowering both hands in a controlled manner to neutral position while maintaining composure.

Note 1: Level Ward-Off and Slanting Ward-Off

注意一：平掤與斜掤

If you relax only the wrist without dropping the elbow, the hand will naturally lower. This allows you to perform Level Ward-Off（平掤）, enabling your partner to apply a Level Double-Hand Push（平雙按）, with both hands at approximately the same height.

When performing Level Ward-Off, try not to raise the shoulder. The shoulder may not feel as relaxed as it does during Slanting Ward-Off（斜掤）, but you must continue training it to remain as relaxed and settled as possible. Do not sacrifice correct structure merely to create a feeling of relaxation.

Performing Slanting Ward-Off is also acceptable. However, your partner must then apply a High-Low Push（高低按）, meaning that one hand is higher than the other during the push.

Both methods are correct:

• Level Ward-Off（平掤） corresponds to a Level Double-Hand Push（平雙按）.
• Slanting Ward-Off（斜掤） corresponds to a High-Low Push（高低按）.

However, Level Ward-Off with a Level Double-Hand Push is preferable for fundamental training, because it develops a more balanced and symmetrical structure. High-Low Push remains a valid variation and may be practised after the basic structure has been established.