Push to the Diagonal Rear

 Push to the Diagonal Rear

🥋 Why Does B Push A to the Diagonal Rear (斜後) Instead of Straight Forward?

🎯 Taijiquan Strategic & Biomechanical Explanation | 太極拳策略與生物力學原理

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🔹 I. Strategic Direction: Exploiting A’s Weakness | 戰術路徑：攻其無備

✅ English Explanation

When A retreats diagonally, their center shifts, creating a moment of imbalance. B seizes this by pushing toward A’s left-rear diagonal, a direction where A is:

• Unrooted or weak in support

• Already rotating or yielding

• Least able to issue counterforce

This direction aligns with A’s natural off-balance angle, making it the most efficient way to disrupt A’s structure.

✅ 中文說明

當 A 被拉入斜向後退，其重心會偏移，產生不穩。B 把握此時，向 A 的左後斜方 推去，因為這個方向是：

• A 難以立足、支撐力弱

• A 正處於旋轉或讓位中

• A 最難發勁反制的方向

這是順勢而為、針對對方最脆弱結構的戰術性選擇。

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🔹 II. Biomechanical Advantage | 生物力學優勢

✅ English Explanation

By pushing diagonally:

• B leverages full-body power: from rear leg, through the kua (hips), into the hands.

• Avoids overreaching: A straight push might overextend B or expose B to counterforce.

• Engages torque: The diagonal push introduces spiral force, creating rotational instability in A.

✅ 中文說明

斜向推有明顯的身體力學優勢：

• B 可啟動整體發力機制：由後腿、胯、脊椎協同傳至雙手。

• 避免傾前失衡：直推容易讓 B 過度前傾或被反擊。

• 製造扭力破壞平衡：斜向推動可施加螺旋勁，讓 A 難以穩住重心。

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🔹 III. Following & Redirecting Force | 順勢導引之理

✅ English Explanation

Tai Chi’s principle of “Yield, Follow, and Redirect” (引化) suggests:

• Don’t resist directly: A straight push meets A’s returning strength (頂勁).

• Use the flow: Pushing diagonally continues A’s movement path and leads it to emptiness (引進落空).

• Minimal force, maximum result: A small diagonal push can uproot A more efficiently (四兩撥千斤).

✅ 中文說明

太極講究「引化原則」：

• 不與對方頂抗：直推會遭遇 A 回勁反制。

• 順其勢引之入空：斜推延續 A 的退勢，將其引向虛處。

• 以柔克剛、四兩撥千斤：順勢斜推可用最小力量達到最大效果。

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🔹 IV. Tactical Unraveling & Disruption | 扭轉破形，化打合一

✅ English Explanation

By controlling both A’s elbow and wrist:

• B can create spiral force (螺旋勁) that twists A’s frame.

• This dual-point control causes a “disassembly” effect (分筋錯骨), disorienting A and opening their center.

• It’s not just pushing — it’s unrooting, rotating, and disrupting from within.

✅ 中文說明

同時控制 A 的肘與手腕：

• 能施加 螺旋勁，扭轉對方軀幹結構。

• 形成 「分筋錯骨」 的效果，使 A 不但失衡，還容易被轉開、打開中門。

• 這不只是推，而是從內部破壞其結構，讓對方無法穩定或反擊。

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🔹 V. Comparative Summary Table | 對比總覽表

角度/原則	斜向推（A 左後）	直線推（A 正前）
對方結構反應	攻其無備、順勢導引	正面抵抗，易被化解或反擊
身體力學	胯部開合、脊椎轉動、全身發力	需依賴手臂，容易失衡
螺旋與扭轉效果	造成旋轉不穩，難以立足	僅有直線推力，力效較低
符合太極原則	借力打力、引進落空、四兩撥千斤	頂勁對抗，違反捨己從人、不丟不頂
推進效率	小力換大果，化打合一	消耗大，易被反制

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🧘 Conclusion | 結語

✅ English Summary

The diagonal rear push is not arbitrary — it is the most efficient, strategic, and Taiji-aligned choice. It avoids direct confrontation, exploits the opponent’s imbalance, uses full-body mechanics, and exemplifies the internal martial principle of using the opponent’s strength against themselves.

✅ 中文總結

斜向後推並非偶然，而是最符合太極拳原理與實戰效益的動作。它避開對抗，攻其弱點，借力使力，展現了太極「以柔克剛、化打合一」的精髓。

橫來直往，螺旋轉動，龍虎合勁，分筋錯骨

“分筋錯骨”的定義與內涵

🔹 中醫／武俠語境（原始意義）

• 「分筋」：將肌肉、筋腱分開、拉扯、脫位。

• 「錯骨」：使骨骼錯位、脫臼、不在其正常位置。

• 常見於「點穴」、「擒拿」、「跌打」等技術中，表示對人體造成結構性破壞或暫時性失調。

例如在武俠小說中，「一式‘分筋錯骨手’，使敵人四肢筋骨寸寸分離、無法站立」是常見描述。

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🔹 太極拳語境（應用意義）

在太極推手或發勁應用中，「分筋錯骨」不一定真地造成傷害，而是指一種透過螺旋扭轉、點線牽制、引導破形的內部控制手法，導致對方：

• 🔁 整體架構錯亂（破形）

• 🌀 筋肉牽引受制（筋受束）

• 🧍 站不穩、發力點散（失根失中）

• 🤲 不能合力反擊（勁力無法整合）

✅ 更精準地說，在太極拳中「分筋錯骨」意味著：

對方狀態	說明
筋絡被拉扯錯位	如 B 同時控制 A 肘與腕，造成筋肉方向相反，使 A 難以合力。
骨架被轉離中軸	透過螺旋結構破壞，讓 A 的骨骼支撐失去軸線穩定性。
力線無法貫通	肘腕不順，肩胯不對，力無法從腳發至手，被“拆解”。
身體難以協調發勁	A 想要反擊時，發現自己架勢已亂，勁無法整合。

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🧘‍♂️ 舉例說明（以推手應用）

當 B 在推手中控制 A 的右手腕與右肘，並略微扭轉其軀幹，使 A 的肩與胯不對正，此時：

• A 的右手雖被牽引，但無法發力

• A 嘗試用後腿頂勁時，會發現勁道無法貫通手部

• B 此時只需小小斜推，A 整體就像被「拆解」一樣失衡跌出

這就叫做太極應用中的「分筋錯骨」，不靠蠻力，但令對方結構瞬間崩潰。

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🔚 結語

「分筋錯骨」在太極拳中的核心意義不是致傷，而是：

“以螺旋結構破壞對手的整體協調，使其無法發勁、無法平衡、無法反制。”

這是一種技術與理解層次達到精微控制、化打合一的表現，是高段太極應用中的重要境界。

 一、掤勁中的「分筋錯骨」：以撐斷結構

📌 情境

對方手臂搭上你手腕準備推進，你用「掤」意將其手臂向外撐起，造成肘與肩分離、軀幹偏斜。

🧠 技術要點

• 利用下盤穩定與螺旋上提勁撐出對方肘部，使其肘肩不合

• 對方上肢無法貫力，整個架勢如「被拉開」

• 這時對手肌肉發緊、骨架不協，無法有效反打

👉 結果：對方如被“拆開”，掤如“分筋”。

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🔶 二、捋勁中的「分筋錯骨」：以引破支點

📌 情境

你引對方來力（如來推你肩），用「捋」將其手臂引向側後，同時略沉肘控制肘關節，造成筋絡錯位，重心偏移。

🧠 技術要點

• 牽引其手腕與肘關節方向不一致，使其臂部扭轉

• 對方欲力不能直線送出，肘內收反成自身扭力點

• 若再順勢帶動胯部微旋，對方腰胯也被“錯開”

👉 結果：對方上下一盤散沙，勁力全斷，無法穩住。

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🔶 三、擠勁中的「分筋錯骨」：以壓碎中軸

📌 情境

雙方手接觸，你進入擠勁（如左手貼其右肘，右手控其右腕），雙手相合向其胸口擠入。

🧠 技術要點

• 擠不是撞，而是「合中求穿」，使對方上肢骨骼彼此互擠

• 控腕貼肘的方式讓對方無法旋臂調整，形成內部錯亂

• 擠入同時貼住其胸線，使對方中軸受壓、腰脊歪斜

👉 結果：對方胸背內縮、重心前傾失衡，“錯骨”而出。

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🔶 四、按勁中的「分筋錯骨」：以斜沉化根

📌 情境

你與對手正對，雙掌接觸，你發「按」勁時不直接推，而是沉肩墜肘，以斜向合力讓其架勢傾倒。

🧠 技術要點

• 使用掌根與前臂構成立體合力，將對方雙臂輕微內旋

• 肩胯被牽扯，筋絡拉扯，失去根部支撐

• 手按胸、肘對肋，形成上中下三點分力，結構崩解

👉 結果：對方下盤難支，像被「錯開」的家具一般倒下。

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✅ 小結

太極勁法	分筋錯骨方式	對方表現
掤	上提撐斷，肘肩分離	架勢空虛，勁道無法整合
捋	引肘扭腕，破其支點	力線散亂，重心偏斜
擠	肘腕合推，中軸受壓	胸口閉塞，結構錯亂
按	合按沉斜，三點分力	根盤浮動，形體被破

How to Transform Ward-Off into Push

 How to Transform Ward-Off into Push

🧘‍♂️ How to Relax the Right Shoulder, Drop the Elbow, and Transform Ward-Off into Push

🧘‍♂️ 如何放鬆右肩、沉肘，將掤勁轉化為按勁

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1. Start from a Proper Ward-Off Position

1. 從正確的「掤」姿勢開始

English:

In the ward-off (péng) position, your right arm is rounded, palm facing inward or slightly upward, with your shoulder open, elbow slightly dropped, and wrist at chest height. Your structure should feel buoyant yet rooted.

中文：

在「掤」的姿勢中，右臂呈弧形，掌心朝內或微微朝上，肩部放鬆張開，肘略微下垂，手腕約在胸前高度。身體結構應感覺撐滿而穩固。

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2. Relax the Right Shoulder — “Sink the Shoulder” (鬆肩)

2. 放鬆右肩──所謂「鬆肩」

English:

Let the shoulder joint relax downward, not rise or tense. Imagine the shoulder sinking into the back as if hanging from the collarbone. Avoid raising the shoulder when issuing energy.

中文：

讓肩關節自然下垂，不要聳肩或緊繃。想像肩膀像被鎖骨懸掛一樣往下沉。出勁時切忌提肩。

• ✅ DO: Feel weight settling into the back.

• ❌ DON’T: Engage the upper trapezius or lift the shoulder.

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3. Drop the Elbow — “Sink the Elbow” (沉肘)

3. 下沉手肘──所謂「沉肘」

English:

Let the elbow hang naturally downward, pointing toward the floor at about a 45° angle. This aligns the arm structure and connects energy from the shoulder to the hand.

中文：

讓肘部自然往下垂，大約與地面成 45 度角。這樣有助於手臂結構的連貫，讓力量從肩部通至手掌。

• Keep the elbow behind the wrist — not flared out to the side.

• 保持「肘不離肋、腕不離心」的原則，避免肘外張。

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4. Transform the Ward-Off into Push (Péng → Àn)

4. 將「掤」轉為「按」：擴撐轉為沉壓

English:

To change from ward-off to push:

1. Maintain the round structure of the arm.

2. As you sink the shoulder and elbow, let the palm rotate slightly outward and downward.

3. Use the intention of the back and waist to press forward and slightly downward, transforming the expanding energy of péng into the pressing force of àn.

4. The push comes not from the arms but from the legs, waist, and back in unison.

中文：

要將「掤」轉化為「按」：

1. 保持手臂的圓弧結構。

2. 當你鬆肩沉肘時，手掌可微微外旋朝下。

3. 利用背部與腰胯的意念向前略帶下壓，將原本的擴張勁（掤）轉為下沉壓制勁（按）。

4. 推勁不是用手臂硬推，而是由腿、腰、背整體協調發力。

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5. Breath and Intent (Yi + Qi)

5. 配合呼吸與意念（意與氣）

English:

As you transform from ward-off to push, breathe naturally — inhaling during péng, exhaling during àn. Your intent (yi) leads the energy (qi), guiding the whole-body motion smoothly forward.

中文：

從掤轉為按時，保持自然呼吸──掤時吸氣，按時呼氣。意念（意）領氣，氣領形，使整體動作順勢貫通。

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🧠 Key Reminders

🧠 心法提醒

Focus Area	What to Do (EN)	中文說明
Shoulder (肩)	Let it drop and relax	鬆而不提，沉而不死
Elbow (肘)	Point downward, not sideways	沉而靠身，肘不離胯
Palm (掌)	Rotate slightly to aim downward	微旋下按
Energy path (勁路)	Connect foot–waist–back–hand	勁從腳根起，經腰脊達於指端
Movement source (源)	Initiate from the dantian and kua	動作發於丹田與胯部

鬆而不提，沉而不死

沉而靠身，肘不離胯 ，微旋下按， 勁起腳根 ，發於丹田

How to Counter “Lie” (挒)

 How to Counter “Lie” (挒) 

🔍 如何運用太極拳八法破解對方的「挒」勁

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🧠 Understanding "Lie" in Taijiquan

🧠 理解太極拳中的「挒」勁

EN:

“Lie” (挒, liè) is a spiraling, splitting force used to destroy the opponent’s structure. It often involves twisting motions that pull the opponent’s limbs apart horizontally or diagonally. It employs torque, leverage, and rotation to displace balance or cause damage.

ZH：

「挒」是太極拳中的一種分裂性、螺旋性的橫向扭力勁。其目的是破壞對方的整體結構或控制點，常見於扭腕、撕臂、轉軸脫力，通常以雙手帶動對方，運用腰胯旋轉形成「拆架」。

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🥋 Counter Strategies Using the Eight Methods

🥋 運用八法破解「挒」的策略

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1. Lü (捋) — Redirect and Neutralize

1. 捋──引化其力，轉圓為空

EN:

Use “Lü” to follow the direction of Lie and lead it away. Don't resist directly. Use the waist and hips to create a circular trajectory that makes the opponent’s force fall into emptiness.

ZH：

當對方以橫向「挒」力控制你時，不可硬抗。應放鬆關節、沉肩墜肘，順勢引化，將其勁導向斜後，使其力量「落空」，重心被破壞。

✅ Key Image: Like redirecting a taut rope to loosen its tension.

✅ 意象: 順繩引走，化勁於無形。

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2. Péng (掤) — Maintain Structure & Resist Initial Control

2. 掤──保持結構，中定不亂

EN:

If the opponent’s Lie is just beginning to form, use “Péng” energy to maintain a rounded, expansive structure. This prevents the opponent from establishing leverage.

ZH：

在對方剛發動「挒」時，用「掤」保持內撐外圓之結構，讓對方無法深入抓控你的中心，從而斷其勁路。

✅ Key Image: Like a balloon—difficult to compress or grab.

✅ 意象: 如氣球飽滿，敵難掌控。

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3. Jǐ (擠) — Break the Opponent’s Axis

3. 擠──中線破勁，貫穿對方

EN:

After neutralizing Lie, if the opponent’s structure opens, use “Jǐ” to press forward through their centerline. Disrupt their balance and prevent Lie from completing.

ZH：

當對方挒勁被引偏後，可借「擠」法滲透其中線，如膝、胸、腹，形成反壓，讓其扭力中斷。

✅ Tip: Use whole-body force (root → waist → shoulder → hand).

✅ 重點: 擠勁由腳至手一氣呵成，貫穿發出。

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4. Cǎi (採) — Drop and Detach the Root

4. 採──下沉控制，拔根制敵

EN:

Use “Cǎi” to suddenly sink and pull down the contact point (e.g., wrist, elbow), breaking the leverage needed for Lie. This weakens the opponent’s grip and rotation.

ZH：

「採」法可破對方支點結構，透過沉腰下壓對方肘腕，使其扭動無根，重心鬆動，無法完成挒。

✅ Use when: The opponent is stiff or exerting strong Lie force.

✅ 時機: 對方用力時瞬間下沉，制其根。

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5. Àn (按) — Suppress the Line of Power

5. 按──沉力壓制，阻斷發勁

EN:

Apply pressure downward or forward with the palm to stop the opponent’s Lie from escalating. Use “Àn” after disrupting their structure to pin them.

ZH：

對方欲進行挒時，可以「按」法壓制其支點（如肩、肘），使其無法借腰轉動，從而瓦解挒勁。

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6. Zhǒu (肘) — Close-range Disruption

6. 肘──貼身短打，突襲破勁

EN:

If Lie causes your arms to be drawn inward, bend the elbow and strike with a spiral motion. “Zhǒu” breaks their rhythm through close-quarters force.

ZH：

在被「挒」導偏時，放鬆手臂屈肘，肘尖貼身頂出，攻其胸肋，出其不意。

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7. Kào (靠) — Use the Body to Crash In

7. 靠──全身貼靠，近戰反制

EN:

Move your body close to the opponent, using shoulder, chest, or hip to collide and destabilize. Especially effective when the Lie motion overextends the attacker.

ZH：

對方挒力若過猛，可「貼身靠入」，如肩靠胸、胸靠臂，趁其重心不穩時近身反打。

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8. Footwork — Side-stepping and Root Control

8. 步法──閃進牽制，扣步奪根

EN:

Move diagonally to avoid the horizontal vector of Lie. Use stepping to gain superior angle and seal their root.

ZH：

應對「挒」時，可側閃上步，腳內扣封腿，配合手法控制，使其發力無根、失勢。

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🧭 Summary Table

Opponent Applies Lie	Response Methods	Purpose
Early Stage	Péng, Lǚ	Maintain structure, lead away force
Mid-Execution	Lǚ + Cǎi or Àn	Redirect then destabilize
After Opening	Jǐ, Zhǒu, Kào	Exploit weakness, counter-attack

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🎯 Key Principles

🎯 關鍵原則

EN:

• Never resist Lie force directly.

• Maintain Peng structure and central equilibrium.

• Use listening skill (Tīng jìn 聽勁) to feel the direction and intensity.

• Combine methods fluidly: no single method solves all.

ZH：

• 不可硬抗橫扭勁，以圓化方；

• 保持中軸與掤勁結構，不被拉動；

• 聽勁為先，精準感應對方動向；

• 靈活組合八法，因勢制宜。

以下是綜合三種說法後，對**如何用太極拳八法破解對方的「挒」**的中英文對照說明，保留不同角度與用法，分層清晰、條理分明：

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🥋 How to Neutralize “Liè” (挒) Using Taijiquan’s Eight Techniques (八法)

🥋 如何運用太極拳「八法」破解對方的「挒」？

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🌀 Understanding “Liè” — The Nature of the Technique

🌀 認識「挒」──這是一種怎樣的技法？

Liè (挒) is a splitting, tearing, and twisting force in Taijiquan. It often involves using both hands to control and twist the opponent's structure laterally or diagonally.

「挒」是一種橫向撕扯與扭轉破壞的技法，常以雙手施力從側向或斜向破壞對方架勢，擾亂其重心和平衡。

• It uses spiral or torque energy to dismantle the opponent’s balance.

• It often targets joints or weak links (like wrists, elbows, or shoulders).

• The aim is to create dislocation and loss of structure.

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🛡️ Methods of Countering “Liè” with the Eight Techniques

🛡️ 運用太極「八法」破解「挒」的策略

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1. Lǚ (捋) — Yield and Redirect

1. 捋──順勢引化，借力化空

English:

Use “lǚ” to follow and guide the incoming tearing force off-track. Don’t resist — instead, relax the joints, pivot at the waist, and draw the opponent’s power into emptiness.

中文：

「捋」可化解挒的橫力。順勢引導對方發力方向，鬆肩墜肘，腰胯轉動，形成圓弧路徑將其力導出，使其「挒」力落空。

• Key: Relaxation, redirection, arc-shaped deflection

• 步法可配合側退或斜步，擴大引化空間

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2. Péng (掤) — Expand and Stabilize

2. 掤──內撐外圓，穩定結構

English:

Before the opponent’s Liè takes full form, maintain your structure using "péng" — outward roundness with internal tension. Like an inflated balloon, difficult to twist or seize.

中文：

在對方尚未施足力時，運用「掤勁」保持身形飽滿與中定，可使對方無法有效拉扯。掤勁有助於預防「挒」的初起。

• Key: Structural integrity, energetic fullness

• 關鍵在於中心穩定與四肢均衡撐開

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3. Jǐ (擠) — Penetrate the Center

3. 擠──中線貫穿，破其架勢

English:

If the opponent attempts to twist you sideways, use “jǐ” to press inward along their central axis. This disrupts the spiraling action and forces them to retreat or collapse.

中文：

對方若以「挒」欲分你結構，可伺機貼靠對方弱點，螺旋擠入其中軸，擾亂其旋轉力量，使「挒」無以為繼。

• Key: Forward spiral force, enter at the moment of vulnerability

• 可配合「按」勁形成上下壓迫結合

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4. Cǎi (採) — Drop and Capture the Root

4. 採──沉落採制，破其發力根源

English:

Use “cǎi” to seize the source of the twisting power — usually the elbow or wrist — and drop it downward. This disrupts the leverage and cuts off the rotational chain.

中文：

當對方施「挒」時，下採其肘腕等力源點，令其上力無根，瞬間重心失衡，進而轉守為攻。

• Key: Sudden drop, control of key joints

• 搭配步法前探或後撤皆可形成反制

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5. Àn (按) — Suppress the Momentum

5. 按──沉力下壓，遏止其勢

English:

Once the opponent initiates Liè, use “àn” (pressing) to sink and anchor their force. Applying vertical or diagonal pressure on their center makes the twisting force ineffective.

中文：

對方若欲挒扭你架勢，可以「按」勁向下壓其手臂或肩線，沉其重心、阻其旋力，形成壓制效果。

• Key: Rooting, heavy structure

• 常與「擠」結合，形成一進一壓之勢

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6. Zhǒu (肘) — Close-Range Disruption

6. 肘──貼身短打，破解牽制

English:

If the opponent’s Liè pulls you off-center, use the opportunity to collapse the arm and strike with the elbow — a compact, close-range counter.

中文：

當對方挒力將你拉偏時，可順勢屈臂貼靠，以「肘」勁突襲對方胸肋，近身反制。

• Key: Short-range, surprise force

• 貼靠式打法，適合破對方肘腕控制

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7. Kào (靠) — Body-on-Body Disruption

7. 靠──全身合力，制敵於近身

English:

If the opponent tries to twist you with Liè, get inside their range and use “kào” (body leaning) — shoulder, back, or hip — to unbalance and overpower them.

中文：

當對方「挒」力靠近成型時，近身用肩或背「靠」入對方重心線，破其結構，反制成功。

• Key: Whole-body power, tight contact

• 配合「採」或「肘」使用更具威力

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🔄 Practical Strategy Summary

🔄 綜合破解策略對照表

Opponent Uses Liè	Your Response	Description (EN/中文)
Starts to twist	Péng + Lǚ (掤+捋)	Expand and redirect / 穩架化力
Force is building	Lǚ + Jǐ (捋+擠)	Redirect then pierce / 引力後穿中
Twisting strong	Cǎi + Àn (採+按)	Cut base and suppress / 採斷下沉制勢
Close range	Zhǒu + Kào (肘+靠)	Elbow and lean / 肘打靠制貼身破敵

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🧠 Key Principles to Remember

🧠 實戰心法要點

• 🌀 Yield first, strike later（先化後發）

• 🌀 Don’t resist force with force（不硬碰硬）

• 🌀 Maintain central axis and root（守中定根）

• 🌀 Use spiral and circle to dissolve（以圓化直）

• 🌀 Listen to energy with touch（聽勁應變）

守中定根，穩架化力(掤+捋)》以圓化直，引力穿中，先化後發(捋+擠) 》聽勁應變，後發先至(採+按)  

(肘+靠)

Fixed-Pattern Pushing Hands（套路推手）

 Fixed-Pattern Pushing Hands （套路推手）

Fixed-Pattern Push Hands （All)

Push Hands and Energy Exchange

How to Transform Ward-Off into Push

Transitioning from a Push 掌推 to 靠

Kao (靠)

靠在斜方

Leaning Back and Sideways

Rotational Drill

Stick with Qi, Stick with the Skin/Hair

Retreat, Lean and Defend

Forward Bending (前俯), Backward Leaning (後仰), and Side Bending (側彎)

Push to the Diagonal Rear

How to Counter “Lie” (挒)

Absorb, Transform, and Returned Incoming Pressure Through the Body

Kurved (曲) Elbow, Continuous Linking

Tai Chi Push Hands Principles and Terminology

Fixed-Pattern Push Hands （All)

 Fixed-Pattern Push Hands （All)

Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan) embodies the reverse-thinking logic of Laozi and Zhuangzi’s philosophy of wu wei (non-action or effortless action), as well as the philosophical concepts of yin and yang transformation from the I Ching (Book of Changes). Grandmaster Cheng Man-ch'ing applied this wu wei logic to the practice of relaxed and soft Taijiquan, proposing key training principles such as "hands of a beauty," "Taiji does not initiate attack," and "loss is gain." The yin-yang philosophy in Taijiquan expresses the transformations of motion and stillness, emptiness and solidity, hardness and softness, and the doctrine of mutual generation and mutual restraint.

From the Treatise on Taijiquan:

“Yin does not depart from Yang, and Yang does not depart from Yin. Only when they support each other can one understand the energy.”

From the Taijiquan Classic:

“Its root is in the feet, it is issued through the legs, governed by the waist, and expressed in the fingers. From the feet to the legs to the waist, it must be one continuous flow.”

These essentials are all rooted in the principles of wu wei and yin-yang, forming the foundation of soft and relaxed martial arts.

National Tai Chi Chuan Association and World Tai Chi Chuan Federation, in order to preserve the training secrets passed down by generations of Taijiquan masters, has developed four relaxed-style push hands routines, which have become mandatory forms in relaxed-style push hands competitions. Practitioners must not only relax every major joint in the body but also release strength, rigidity, ambition, attachment, and insistence in the arms in order to demonstrate the technique of “overcoming the hard with the soft.” This embodies the wu wei logic of Lao-Zhuang: what appears weak, useless, and passive on the surface is, in fact, the pathway to strength, action, and great effectiveness. Coordinating with the yin-yang changes (motion/stillness, emptiness/solidity, hard/soft) of the I Ching, the training naturally generates mutual generation and restraint, resulting in a circulating and uninterrupted relaxed technique.

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Taijiquan Push Hands Routines:

1. Sticking, Adhering and Following Method沾粘貼隨法 (5-Part Breakdown): Peng, Lü, Cai, An, Kao, Peng.
2. Outer Connection Method 外承接法– 5-Part Breakdown: Peng, Lü, Cai, An, Kao, Peng...
3. Inner Connection Method 內承接法 – 8-Part Breakdown: Peng, Lü, Cai, An, Kao, Peng...
4. Eight Primary Techniques 太極八法– 10-Part Breakdown: Peng, Lü, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao, Peng...

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Key Training Points:

1. Wu Wei: Acting in accordance with the situation; action without intention.
2. Yin-Yang: Emptiness vs. solidity, motion vs. stillness, hardness vs. softness.
3. The Ten Essentials of Taiji:
• Empty the crown to lift energy
• Sink the shoulders and drop the elbows
• Contain the chest and raise the back
• Relax the waist
• Distinguish between solid and empty
• Use intention, not force
• Coordinate upper and lower body
• Integrate inside and outside
• Maintain continuity without breaks
• Move with spirit and energy
4. Key Points by Master Cheng Man-ch'ing:
• Hands of a Beauty: Appears relaxed but not limp, about to extend but not fully extended
• Non-Initiating Hands: Do not move the hands deliberately; rely on gravity, reaction force, inertia, and waist-leg power
• Losing is Gaining: Sacrifice and humility foster bodily coordination; seeming loss is actually a step in mastering “soft overcoming hard”
5. Eight Techniques of Taiji (Ba Fa): Peng, Lü, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, Kao – with mutual generation and restraint.
6. Five Steps (Wu Xing Footwork): Advance, Retreat, Look Left, Gaze Right, Central Equilibrium.
7. Five Methods to Refine Sensitivity: Stick, Adhere, Connect, Follow, Neither Resist nor Collapse.
8. Nine Major Joints: Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Neck, Back, Waist, Hip, Knee, Ankle – all must be light, agile, and integrated.
9. Four Character Formula: Light, Slow, Even, Upright – Avoid discontinuity or imbalance.
10. Abilities that Emerge from Relaxation: Power manifests only after full body relaxation and integration.

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Master Cheng Man-ch’ing’s Essentials:

1. Hands of a Beauty: Appears relaxed but is not loose; about to extend but hasn’t yet.
2. Non-Initiating Hands: Hands are not the initiator – utilize gravity, reaction force, inertia, and power from waist and legs.
3. Loss is Gain: By giving up self, yielding, and neutralizing, one improves the functionality of all body parts. What appears to be a disadvantage is actually a vital path to the skill of overcoming hardness with softness.

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Routine Details

1. Sticking, Adhering and Following Method沾粘貼隨法 (5-Part Breakdown): Peng, Lü, Cai, An, Kao, Peng.

Peng → Lü → Cai → An → Kao → Peng...

1. A pushes B ward off 

2. A continue push and transition to press B roll back 

3. B pull A. right arm A do shoulder attack 

4. B pushes back A ward off.

Cycle of mutual generation and restraint, continuous and unceasing.

• (1) Both parties (A - right, B - left) use their right Peng hands to connect. Wrists are interlaced, and left palms stick to each other's elbows, preparing for push. Arms remain light and nimble. A relaxes the right shouder and drop right elbow to form the double pushes forward using ground reaction force and form bow stance, B drops the right wrist and follows B's drop of right elbow to form the hotizontal ward off and retreats with original body position first, forming sit-back stances.
• (2) B maintains wrist position, relaxing shoulders, dropping elbows and wrists, tucking chest, rounding back, relaxing waist and hips, and clearly distinguishing emptiness and solidity, starting to  Lü back with the upper right arm to roll back.
• (3) A starts to expand the fore arm to form right hand press, B rotates body 30–45° after rolling back and pull B to the right to form Cai, while B responds with Kao.
• (4) When B Kao, A responds with the two hands to break B's elbow.
• (5)  When B's elbow is going to be broken, he drops his elbow a little and roll back his forarm, using his kua to roll back and ward off.
• (6) A follows B's rolling back. Both return to upright, A forms Peng, B forms double An. Roles switch; cycle repeats.
• (7) After doing the same routine three times, both return to the original posture of hand joining. 

2. Outer Connection Method 外承接法– 5-Part Breakdown: Peng, Lü, Cai, An, Kao, Peng...

1. A pushes forward, B’s right hand pulls A’s right wrist. 

2. B’s left hand draws back A’s right elbow. 

3. B’s left hand pushes A’s right arm diagonally. 

4. B’s right hand moves in to connect with the left hand. 

5. B’s left hand pushes against A’s right shoulder to continue the rotation of A's body

Cycle of mutual generation and restraint, continuous and unceasing.

• Yin-yang hand transitions: Left → Right → Left → Right → Left
• (1-4) Similar setup to Routine 1; sequence through Peng → Lü → Cai → An → Kao → Peng.
• (5) When A is retreating, B holds A's right elbow and wrist and pushes B diagnally, that is his left and back. 
• (6) B retreats asdie and follws A's push. A then let go the right hand that holds B's right wrist and shift the right hand to the elbow to join the left hand. Two hands form tiger-mouth hand to push B's right elbow together.
• (7) A then let go left hand when B retreats aside, right hand continues to push.  Emphasizes larger rotations and alternating hands. Then left hand pushs opponent's right shoulder. Actions include pressing from left to right, applying pressure along the centerline, guiding opponent's right arm right shoulder, and transitioning to opponent's cai first on the elbow and then the wrist and then push aside and help opponent rotate along the body center line and continue the same cycle.

3. Inner Connection ( 8 Parts)

Peng → Lü → Cai → An → Kao → Peng...

1. A pushes forward. B retreats and uses the right hand to pull A’s right wrist. 

2. B’s left hand pulls A’s right elbow. 

3. B’s right hand connects and pulls along the inside of A’s right upper arm. 

4. B’s right hand continues pulling back while the left hand makes contact with A’s upper spine. 

5. B’s left hand then shifts to touch A’s left shoulder. 

6. As A retreats using the kua, B releases slightly and lets the left hand touch A’s right shoulder. 

7.B continues releasing and allows the left hand to touch B’s own elbow (closing the circle).

8. Both return to the starting position, with the right wrists joined and the left hands pushing forward together.

Cycle of mutual generation and restraint, continuous and unceasing.

• (1-2) Same initial movements as previous routines.
• (3-8) In-depth exploration of controlling opponent’s center via various sticking points:
• Inner upper arm, spine, left shoulder, and elbow
• Control alternates between hands with leading/following dynamics
• Final form returns to Peng, completing the cycle.

4. Eight Primary Techniques (10 parts with 5 Parts each side)

A’s Sequence

1. Push forward.

2. Use the right shoulder/torso to strike (right kāo).

3. Press forward with both hands.

4. Use the left shoulder/torso to strike (left kāo).

5. Return to Left Ward Off and follow with a right-hand push.

B’s Sequence

1. Retreat, keeping the left hand in its original guarding position, while the right hand withdraws to stick close to the chest.

2. Roll the left elbow back as the forearm rises upward.

3. Drop the left forearm downward to deflect and pull aside A’s double-hand press.

4. Use the left hand to seize A’s left wrist while splitting A’s elbow apart with body movement.

5. Return to the double-hand push position.

Peng → Lü → Transform (includes Cai, Lie, Zhou) → An (includes Kao) → Ji → Peng

Cycle of mutual generation and restraint, continuous and unceasing.

• (1) Both begin with right Peng hands; wrists cross, left palms on elbows. A uses reaction force to push forward; B yields with Peng and retreats, maintaining relaxed joints.
• (2) A transitions rotates left into Kao, B turns right into Lü with palm to A’s elbow.
• (3) A turns right to form Ji (press), B responds with hand atop A’s.
• (4) B pulls A’s wrist, raises back, relaxes waist, rotates left to perform Zhou and Lie.
• (5) B turns right, returns to double An; A becomes left Peng. Cycle repeats.

太極套路推手揣摩五法、八法、定步五行身法釋義與扣分標準

輕微錯誤扣0.05分。兩種以上輕微錯誤同時出現0.1分。嚴重錯誤扣0.2分

Explanation of Taiji Routines, Push Hands, Five Methods of Comprehension, Eight Techniques, Fixed-Step Five-Element Body Methods, and Deduction Standards

• Minor error: –0.05 point

• Two or more minor errors occurring simultaneously: –0.1 point

• Major error: –0.2 point

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I. Five Methods of Comprehension (揣摩五法)

Zhan (沾), Nian (黏), Tie (貼), Sui (隨), Bu Diu Ding (不丟頂)

1. Zhan (沾): To attract and draw back through initial sticking.

2. Nian (黏): To adhere continuously without interruption.

3. Tie (貼): To follow closely and attach inwards.

4. Sui (隨): To move in accordance with the opponent’s force. These four characters include up and down, forward and backward, left and right connection. Both partners must neither lose contact (丟) nor resist by opposing force (頂).

5. Not losing (不丟): Do not abandon the contact point.
   Not resisting (不頂): Do not oppose the opponent’s incoming force.

Minor errors:

1. Resisting (頂抗)

2. Losing contact (丟失)

3. Movements lacking lightness, slowness, evenness, uprightness (輕、慢、勻、正)

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II. Fixed-Step Five-Element Body Methods (定步五行身法)

Advance (進), Retreat (退), Look (顧), Gaze (盼), Stability (定).

The body’s advancing, retreating, and turning must remain balanced and stable.

Minor errors:

1. Rising and falling in advancing or retreating steps.

2. Instability in hip, knee, or ankle joints during left–right turns.

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III. Taiji Eight Techniques (太極八法)

(1) Peng (掤)

• When connecting hands, Peng links to An. The body remains upright and relaxed, with focused spirit.

• Wrist height between throat and chest; elbow angle 90–110 degrees.

• When retreating with Peng, the point of contact remains, and the body retreats in sync with the opponent’s advance.

Minor errors:

1. Elbow angle not within standard.

2. Wrist height not within standard.

3. Elbow higher than wrist.

4. Hand retracts actively.

5. Failure to synchronize with opponent’s movement.

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(2) Lü (捋)

• The body retreats smoothly with balance.

• In sequence with the waist, relax shoulder → elbow → wrist.

• The pressing hand follows naturally; when reaching the chest, it turns with the waist.

Minor errors:

1. Incorrect sequence of joint relaxation; using force to flip the palm.

2. Forcefully pulling both hands back.

3. Clamping shoulders or armpits.

4. Body not retreating with the waist.

5. Palm fails to adhere at opponent’s elbow; loses contact.

6. When pressed to chest, failure to turn with the waist, causing resistance/stagnation.

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(3) Ji (擠)

• A cooperative form of two hands: one hand uses Peng to enter, the other hand applies An forward to complete Ji.

• The pressing palm should attach to the wrist joint.

Minor errors:

1. Peng or An not fully executed.

2. Pressing hand not applied to Peng wrist joint.

3. Using brute force to squeeze.

4. Hands not moving with the waist; failing to complete Ji upon turning to the front.

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(4) An (按)

• Both shoulders sink, elbows hang down.

• Elbow angle 90–110 degrees; fingertip height between nose and throat.

Minor errors:

1. Fingertip height incorrect.

2. Elbow angle incorrect.

3. Palms weak or stiff.

4. Palms not correctly pressing on opponent’s elbow and wrist joints.

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(5) Cai (採)

• Both palms stick to opponent’s elbows and wrists, following naturally.

• Waist turns 30–45 degrees.

Minor errors:

1. Hands not adhering to opponent’s elbows/wrists.

2. Pulling forcefully on opponent’s joints.

3. Instability of knee/ankle when turning waist–hip.

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(6) Lie (挒)

• Both hands coordinate to control opponent’s center of gravity.

• Palms adhere to opponent’s elbows and wrists.

• Left hand acts as Cai (採), right hand as Jie (截, supporting point). Together they form Lie.

Minor errors:

1. Lack of cooperation between both hands.

2. Failure to adhere to opponent’s elbows/wrists.

3. Using forceful pulling on opponent’s arms.

4. Weak or stiff arms during Cai–Jie.

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(7) Zhou (肘)

• Use of the bent arm (elbow).

Minor errors:

1. Arm weak or stiff.

2. Losing the structure of the vertical elbow.

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(8) Kao (靠)

• Turn the waist naturally 30–45 degrees.

• Elbow angle 135–170 degrees.

• Palm faces sideways like Peng.

Minor errors:

1. Failure to turn waist with the movement.

2. Palm not facing sideways.

3. Arm weak or stiff.

4. Body lacks balance and stability when applying Kao.

 

Key Points of the “Designated Push Hands Partner Routines” (「指定推手對練」動作內容的要點)

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I. Sticking, Adhering and Following Method沾粘貼隨法

Sequence: 1. Hand contact (搭手) → 2. Peng (掤) → 3. Retreat (退) → 4. Lü (捋) → 5. Cai (採) → 6. Hand contact (搭手) → 7. An (按) → 8. Advance (進) → 9. Kao (靠) → Return to upright hand contact

	甲 (A)	乙 (B)
1	Advance, stand upright, salute with clasped hands	Advance, stand upright, salute with clasped hands
2	Bow stance, hand contact (搭手)	Bow stance, hand contact
3	Right hand turns into double An (press)	Right Peng (掤)
4	Advance into bow stance, continue An	Retreat: turn body, sit back, Pull
5-1,2	Waist turns naturally to right Peng/Kao turn back and ward off.	Follow waist, Lü and Cai and push.

	甲 (A)	乙 (B)
6	Return to right ward off	Turn to double An
7	Retreat: turn body, sit back, Peng hand	Advance into bow stance, continue An
8-1, 8-2	Waist turns naturally, Lü and Cai	Waist turns to right Peng/Kao
9	Return to upright bow stance, hand contact	Return to upright bow stance, hand contact

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II. Outer Connection Method (外承接法)

Sequence: 1. Hand contact → 2. Peng (掤) → 3. Retreat (退) → 4-1. Lü (捋) → 4-2. Cai (採) → 5. Advance and push → 6. Elbow connection and push → 7. Shoulder connection and push → 8. Upward push→ 9. Side Peng/Kao → 10. Retreat → 11. Side Peng/Kao → 12. Upward frame (架) → 13. Frame rotation → 14. Cai–Lü (採捋) → 15. Return to hand contact

Step	甲 (A)	乙 (B)
1	Bow stance, hand contact	Bow stance, hand contact
2	Right hand turns into double An	Right Peng
3	Advance bow stance, continue An	Retreat: turn body, sit back, pull
4-1, 4-2	Transform into right Peng/Kao	Follow waist, Lü–Cai
5	Retreat: continue to turn body, side Peng hand	Advance, sending A’s elbow and wrist
6	Continue transforming with side Peng hand	Right hand connects A’s elbow, continues sending

Step	甲 (A)	乙 (B)
7	Continue turning upward Peng hand	Left hand connects A’s shoulder, continue pushing
8	Right hand raises up, left hand supports B’s elbow	Continue pushing A’s elbow upward
9	Return downward, connect to B’s wrist and elbow, sit back with Lü–Cai	Drop down and turn left into right-hand Peng/Kao
10	Advance, pushing B’s elbow and wrist	Retreat: continue to turn body, side Peng hand

Step	甲 (A)	乙 (B)
11	Right hand connects B’s elbow, continue sending	Continue turning body, side Peng hand (front bow stance)
12	Left hand connects B’s shoulder, continue pushing	Continue turning upward Peng hand
13	Naturally push B’s elbow upward	Right hand raises up, left hand supports A’s elbow
14	Drop down with left turn into left-hand Peng/Kao	Return downward, Cai–Lü
15	Return to upright hand contact	Return to upright hand contact

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III. Inner Connection Method (內承接法)

Sequence: 1. Hand contact → 2. Peng (掤) → 3. Retreat → 4. Lü–Cai (捋採) → 5. Inner connection → 6. Spine contact → 7. Shoulder contact → 8. Return shoulder contact → 9. Return elbow contact → 10. Hand contact → 11. An (按) → 12. Advance → 13. Kao (靠) → 14. Continue Kao → 15. Continue Kao → 16. Turn Kao → 17. Return turn → 18. Continue return turn → 19. Hand contact → 20. Close step → 21. Lower hands → 22. Salute

III. Inner Connection Method (內承接法)

Sequence:

1. Linking hands → 2. Peng → 3. Retreat → 4. Lü–Cai → 5. Internal reception → 6. Linking back → 7. Linking shoulder → 8. Returning shoulder → 9. Returning elbow → 10. Linking hands → 11. An → 12. Advance → 13. Kao → 14. Continuing Kao → 15. Further Kao → 16. Turning Kao → 17. Returning turn → 18. Continuing return → 19. Linking hands → 20. Step back → 21. Lower → 22. Concluding salutation

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Steps

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
1	Bow stance, linking hands	Bow stance, linking hands
2	Right hand turns, both hands push	Right Peng with right hand, left hand touches elbow
3	Step in, bow stance, continue pressing	Retreat, sink back with Peng, Lu and Cai
4-1	Following the waist rotation, turn right into Peng-Kao, left hand withdraws palm-down	Continue  to follow waist to Lü–Cai
4-2	Continue Peng-Kao with right side, left hand still withdrawn palm-down	Right hand internally receives A’s right arm
5	Continue turning right Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down	Left hand lightly links A’s back
6	—	—
7	Continue turning right shoulder Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down, rear kua sinks	Left hand lightly rests on A’s left shoulder
8	Continue slight returning rotation	Left hand returns to link A’s right shoulder, pushing
9	Continue returning rotation	Left hand continues back, linking A’s elbow, pushing
10	Return to upright linking hands	Return to upright linking hands
11	Right hand Peng, left hand touches B’s right elbow	Right hand turns into double An

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
12	Retreat, sit back into Peng hand	Step in bow stance, continue pushing
13-1	Follow waist rotation into Lü–Cai	Turn waist, right Peng-Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down
13-2	Right hand  receives B’s by the inner side of right arm	Continue right Peng-Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down
14	Left hand lightly links B’s back	Continue turning right Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down
15	Left hand rests on B’s left shoulder, controlling	Continue right shoulder Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down, rear kua sinks

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
17	Left hand returns to link B’s shoulder, sending back	Follow with slight returning turn
18	Left hand continues back to link B’s elbow, sending back	Continue returning turn
19	Return upright linking hands	Return upright linking hands
20

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IV. Eight Methods (八法)

Sequence:

1. Linking hands → 2. Peng → 3. Retreat → 4. Lü → 5. Contain–link → 6. Cai–Lie → 7. An → 8. Advance → 9. Kao → 10. Ji → 11. Peng-Kao → 12. Upright linking hands

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Steps

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
1	Bow stance, linking hands	Bow stance, linking hands
2	Right hand turns, both hands press down	Right Peng with right hand, left hand touches elbow
3	Step in, bow stance, pressing	Retreat, turn body with right Peng, hand across chest, sit back; left hand touches A’s shoulder-arm
4	Follow with left turn, right hand flips to Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down	Left elbow upright, Lü A’s right elbow

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
5	Return upright, left hand joins right wrist to form Ji	Left hand contains and links A’s Ji, return upright
6	Follow turning right, left hand Peng-Kao, right hand withdrawn palm-down	Turn left, left hand Cai A’s left wrist, right elbow against A’s left elbow (Lie)
7	Return upright, left Peng, left hand touches B’s right elbow	Return upright, double An

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
8	Retreat: left Peng hand turns back, touches chest while sitting back, right hand touches B’s shoulder-arm	Step in bow stance, continue pushing
9	Right elbow upright, Lü B’s right elbow	Follow turning right, left hand flips Kao, right hand withdrawn
10	Right hand contains and links B’s Ji, return upright	Return upright, right hand joins B’s left wrist for Ji

Step	A (甲)	B (乙)
11	Turn right, right hand Cai B’s right hand, left elbow presses against B’s right elbow (Lie)	Follow turning left, right hand flips Kao, left hand withdrawn palm-down
12	Return upright, linking hands	Return upright, linking hands

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Draw in right foot, both hands raised                                                                                         level	Draw in right foot, both hands raised level
Lower both hands		Lower both hands
Concluding hand-salute	Concluding hand-salute

一、揣摩五法：黏連貼隨不丟頂

1.黏者吸引黏回。

2.連者綿綿不絕。

3.貼者跟從貼進。

4.隨者順勢而動。四字包含上下、進退與左右相連，選手雙方不丟也不頂抗。

5.不丟者，不得任其放棄而走。不頂者，不得抵抗其進攻之勁。

輕微錯誤：1.頂抗2.丟失3.動作未達輕、慢、勻、正。

 

二、定步五行身法：

進、退、顧、盼、定，身體進退與左右轉須保持平衡與穩定。

輕微錯誤：1.進與退有高低起伏。2.左右轉髖、膝、踝等關節未保持穩定。

 

三、太極八法：掤、捋、擠、按、採、挒、肘、靠

（一）掤：搭手掤按相接，身體中正放鬆、精神專注，手腕關節位置於喉嚨與胸口間，肘關節90-110度。掤退時，手接觸點不變，身體隨對方進步同步後退。

輕微錯誤：1.肘關節角度未達標準。2.腕關節高度未達標準。3.肘關節不得高於手腕關節4.手主動退縮5.未同步隨對手反應。

 

（二）捋：身體平退且保持平衡，順勢隨腰依序放鬆肩、肘、腕等關節，按者手勢順勢跟從，按至胸前時隨腰轉動。

輕微錯誤：1.關節放鬆順序錯誤，手臂用力翻掌。2.兩手用力抽回。3 用力夾肩夾腋。4.身未隨腰後退。5.黏、貼對方肘之掌心丟失，未黏、貼在原位。6.被按至胸前時未隨腰轉動，造成頂抗停滯。

 

（三）擠：兩手相互合作之式，一手以掤式貼進，另一手再以按式向前為擠。按掌附貼於腕關節上。

輕微錯誤：1.掤或按式未確實完成。2.按手未落實於掤腕關節上。3.用力擠壓。4.手未隨腰而動，轉正面時未同步貼進完成擠式。

 

（四）按：兩手沉肩垂肘，手肘關節90-110角度，指尖高度為鼻喉之間。

二、輕微錯誤：1.指尖高度未達標準。2.肘關節未達標準角度。3 手掌癱軟或僵硬4.兩手掌心未正確按貼於對方肘、腕關節。

 

（五）採：兩手掌順勢黏貼對手之肘、關節與腕關節，順勢轉腰30-45度。

輕微錯誤：1 兩手未黏、貼對手之肘、腕關節。2.用力拉扯對手的腕、肘關節。3.腰胯轉動時，膝、踝等關節未保持穩定。

 

（六）挒：兩手相互配合牽制對手身體重心。兩手掌黏、貼對手之肘關節與腕關節。左手為採、右為截（支點），合其式為挒。

輕微錯誤： 1.兩手未相互配合。2.兩手未黏、貼對手之肘、腕關節。3.兩手用力拉扯對手之手臂。4採截時手臂癱軟或僵硬。

 

（七）肘：屈臂。

輕微錯誤：1.手臂癱軟或僵硬。2 立肘有丟失。

 

（八）靠：順勢腰轉30-45度，肘關節135-170度，手掌朝側面如掤式。

輕微錯誤： 1.未順勢轉腰。2.手掌未朝側面。3.手臂癱軟或僵硬。4 靠進未保持身體的平衡與穩定。

「指定推手對練」動作內容的要點

 

一、 黏貼法：1搭手→2掤→3退→4捋→5 採→6搭手→6按→7進→8靠→9回正搭手

 

	1	2	3	4	5-1、5-2
甲 進	平立步抱手禮	弓步搭手	右手轉雙按	進身弓步續按	順勢轉腰右側掤靠
乙		弓步搭手	右掤	退：回身後坐掤手	4順腰捋採

 

	6	7	8-1、8-2	9結束
甲	回正掤手	退：回身後坐掤手	順腰捋採	轉正弓步搭手
乙	轉正雙按	進身弓步 （續按）	順勢轉腰右側掤靠	回正弓步搭手

 

二、外承接法：1搭手→2掤→3退→4-1捋→4-2採→5進送→6接肘送→7搭肩送→8上送→9側掤靠→10退→11側掤靠→12向上架→13架轉→14採捋→15回正搭手

 

	1	2	3	4-1、4-2	5	6
甲	弓步搭手	右手轉雙按	進身弓步 （續按）	轉化右掤靠	退：續轉回身側掤手	身續轉化側掤手
乙	弓步搭手	右掤	退：回身後坐（掤）	順腰捋採	進送甲方手臂肘與腕	右手接甲方肘，合手續送

 

	7	8	9	10
甲	續回轉向上掤手	右手向上架轉，左手托乙方肘	順勢回落搭乙方=腕及肘，後坐捋採	進送乙方手臂肘與腕
乙	左手搭甲肩續送	順勢送甲方肘向上	順落左轉右手掤靠	退，續轉回身側掤手

 

	11	12	13	14	15
甲	右手接乙方肘合手續送	左手搭乙肩續送	順勢送乙方肘向上	順落左轉左手掤靠	回正搭手
乙	身續轉側掤手（前弓）	續回轉向上掤手	右手向上架轉，左手托甲方肘	回落採捋	轉正搭手

 

 

三、內承接法：

1搭手→2掤→3退→4捋採→5內承→6搭脊→7搭肩→8回搭肩→9回搭肘  →10搭手→11按→12進→13靠→14續靠→15續靠→16轉靠→17回轉→18續回轉→19搭手→20收步→21放下→22抱手禮

 

	1	2	3	4-1、4-2	5	6
甲	弓步搭手	右手轉雙手按	進身弓步續按	順勢轉腰右掤靠，左手撤開掌心朝下	順勢續右掤靠，左手續撤開掌心朝下	續轉右靠，左手續撤開掌心朝下
乙	弓步搭手	右手掤，左手貼肘	退回身後坐掤	順腰捋採	右手內承接甲右臂	左手輕搭甲脊

 

	7	8	9	10	11
甲	順勢續轉右肩靠，左手撤開掌心朝下，後胯沉坐	順勢微回轉	續回轉	回正搭手	右手掤左手貼乙方右肘
乙	左手輕搭甲左肩上	左手回搭甲右肩回送	左手續回 搭甲肘，續回送	轉正搭手	右手轉雙按

 

	12	13-1、13-1	14	15	16
甲	退回身後坐掤手	順腰捋採	右手內承接乙右臂	左手輕搭乙脊	左手搭乙左肩搬
乙	進身弓步續按	順勢轉腰右側掤靠，左手撤開掌心朝下	順勢續右掤靠，左手續撤開掌心朝下	續轉右靠，左手續撤開掌心朝下	續轉右肩靠，左手續撤開掌心朝下，後胯沉坐

 

	17	18	19	20	21、22
甲	左手回搭乙肩回送	左手續回搭乙肘，續回送	轉正搭手	收右腳雙手平舉	21雙手放下 22抱手禮
乙	順勢微回轉	續回轉	回正搭手	收右腳雙手平舉	21雙手放下 22抱手禮

 

 

四、八法：1搭手→2掤→3退→4捋→5涵搭→6採挒→7按→8進→9靠→10擠→11掤靠→12回正搭手→

	1	2	3	4
甲	弓步搭手	右手轉雙手按	進身按弓步	順勢左轉右手側翻靠，左手撤開掌心朝下
乙	弓步搭手	右手掤，左手貼肘	退：回身右掤手貼胸掤後坐，左手貼向甲肩臂	左手立肘捋甲右肘

 

	5	6	7
甲	回正 左手合貼右手腕擠	順勢右轉左手側掤靠，右手撤開掌心朝下	回正左掤，左手貼向乙右肘
乙	左手涵搭甲合擠手轉正	左轉左手採甲左手腕，右肘貼甲左肘挒	轉正雙按

 

 

	8	9	10
甲	退：左掤手回身，左掤手貼胸掤後坐，右手貼向乙方肩臂	右立肘捋乙右肘臂	右手涵搭乙 合擠手轉正
乙	進身弓步續按	順勢右轉身左手翻靠，右手撤開	回正右手合貼甲左手腕擠

 

	11	12
甲	右轉右手採乙右手，左肘貼乙右肘挒	回正搭手
乙	順勢左轉右手側掤靠，左手撤開掌心朝下	回正搭手